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Biomass Pyrolysis for Biochar or Energy Applications? A Life Cycle Assessment

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 8, 5195-5202
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    Biomass Pyrolysis for Biochar or Energy Applications? A Life Cycle Assessment
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    † Systems Analysis Unit, Instituto IMDEA Energía, Móstoles 28935, Spain
    ‡ Department of Chemical and Energy Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles 28933, Spain
    *Phone: +34-91 737 11 19; fax: +34-91 737 11 40; e-mail: [email protected]
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 8, 5195–5202
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es5060786
    Published April 1, 2015
    Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    The application of biochar as a soil amendment is a potential strategy for carbon sequestration. In this paper, a slow pyrolysis system for generating heat and biochar from lignocellulosic energy crops is simulated and its life-cycle performance compared with that of direct biomass combustion. The use of the char as biochar is also contrasted with alternative use options: cofiring in coal power plants, use as charcoal, and use as a fuel for heat generation. Additionally, the influence on the results of the long-term stability of the biochar in the soil, as well as of biochar effects on biomass yield, is evaluated. Negative greenhouse gas emissions are obtained for the biochar system, indicating a significant carbon abatement potential. However, this is achieved at the expense of lower energy efficiency and higher impacts in the other assessed categories when compared to direct biomass combustion. When comparing the different use options of the pyrolysis char, the most favorable result is obtained for char cofiring substituting fossil coal, even assuming high long-term stability of the char. Nevertheless, a high sensitivity to biomass yield increase is found for biochar systems. In this sense, biochar application to low-quality soils where high yield increases are expected would show a more favorable performance in terms of global warming.

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    Supporting Information

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    The available Supporting Information contains detailed information about the Aspen Plus simulations used for the LCA and the methodology used for obtaining the inventory data. The inventory data are provided, including all inputs and outputs of the processes. It further contains a more detailed discussion about biochar effects on soil and yield and the corresponding assumptions made in this paper. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org/.

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 8, 5195–5202
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