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    Quantity, Quality, and Availability of Waste Heat from United States Thermal Power Generation
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    † ‡ †Department of Engineering and Public Policy and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
    *Phone: 412 268-5688. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 14, 8297–8306
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es5060989
    Published June 10, 2015
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    Secondary application of unconverted heat produced during electric power generation has the potential to improve the life-cycle fuel efficiency of the electric power industry and the sectors it serves. This work quantifies the residual heat (also known as waste heat) generated by U.S. thermal power plants and assesses the intermittency and transport issues that must be considered when planning to utilize this heat. Combining Energy Information Administration plant-level data with literature-reported process efficiency data, we develop estimates of the unconverted heat flux from individual U.S. thermal power plants in 2012. Together these power plants discharged an estimated 18.9 billion GJth of residual heat in 2012, 4% of which was discharged at temperatures greater than 90 °C. We also characterize the temperature, spatial distribution, and temporal availability of this residual heat at the plant level and model the implications for the technical and economic feasibility of its end use. Increased implementation of flue gas desulfurization technologies at coal-fired facilities and the higher quality heat generated in the exhaust of natural gas fuel cycles are expected to increase the availability of residual heat generated by 10.6% in 2040.

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    Supporting Information

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    All primary data used in analysis is embedded in the Supporting Information section. Additionally this document contains descriptions of 1) power plant cycles; 2) detailed analysis of exhaust gas composition and properties; 3) the list of the studies used to construct estimates of residual heat distribution; 4) sensitivity analysis results for the residual heat distribution; 5) description of the models for heat exchangers and transport distances; 6) description of the 21 scenarios used for residual heat forecasting; 7) instructions on how to access the embedded data; 8) electricity substitution calculations; 9) geospatial breakdowns of the residual heat locations; and 10) sensitivity analysis for transport distances to natural gas prices. The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/es5060989.

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 14, 8297–8306
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