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Ingested Microscopic Plastic Translocates to the Circulatory System of the Mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.)

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    Ingested Microscopic Plastic Translocates to the Circulatory System of the Mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.)
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    School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, U.K., University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, EX4 4PS, U.K., and Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, U.K.
    * Corresponding author phone: +44 (0)1752 232941 ; fax: +44 (0)1752 232970; e-mail: [email protected]
    †University of Plymouth.
    ‡University of Exeter.
    §Plymouth Marine Laboratory.
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    Environmental Science & Technology

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 13, 5026–5031
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/es800249a
    Published May 30, 2008
    Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Plastics debris is accumulating in the environment and is fragmenting into smaller pieces; as it does, the potential for ingestion by animals increases. The consequences of macroplastic debris for wildlife are well documented, however the impacts of microplastic (<1 mm) are poorly understood. The mussel, Mytilus edulis, was used to investigate ingestion, translocation, and accumulation of this debris. Initial experiments showed that upon ingestion, microplastic accumulated in the gut. Mussels were subsequently exposed to treatments containing seawater and microplastic (3.0 or 9.6 µm). After transfer to clean conditions, microplastic was tracked in the hemolymph. Particles translocated from the gut to the circulatory system within 3 days and persisted for over 48 days. Abundance of microplastic was greatest after 12 days and declined thereafter. Smaller particles were more abundant than larger particles and our data indicate as plastic fragments into smaller particles, the potential for accumulation in the tissues of an organism increases. The short-term pulse exposure used here did not result in significant biological effects. However, plastics are exceedingly durable and so further work using a wider range of organisms, polymers, and periods of exposure will be required to establish the biological consequences of this debris.

    Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    Protocols for biological assays and temporal changes at different levels of biological organization within mussels during second exposure trial. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 13, 5026–5031
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