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Approach to Estimating Participant Pollutant Exposures in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air)

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Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
* Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; phone: 206-616-1905.
†Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington.
‡University of Southern California.
§Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington.
∥Columbia University.
⊥Department of Statistics, University of Washington.
#Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington.
∇Current address: Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
○Current address: MDS Pharma Services, Inc., Bothell, WA.
▲Current address: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 13, 4687–4693
Publication Date (Web):April 2, 2009
https://doi.org/10.1021/es8030837
Copyright © 2009 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

    Most published epidemiology studies of long-term air pollution health effects have relied on central site monitoring to investigate regional-scale differences in exposure. Few cohort studies have had sufficient data to characterize localized variations in pollution, despite the fact that large gradients can exist over small spatial scales. Similarly, previous data have generally been limited to measurements of particle mass or several of the criteria gases. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air) is an innovative investigation undertaken to link subclinical and clinical cardiovascular health effects with individual-level estimates of personal exposure to ambient-origin pollution. This project improves on prior work by implementing an extensive exposure assessment program to characterize long-term average concentrations of ambient-generated PM2.5, specific PM2.5 chemical components, and copollutants, with particular emphasis on capturing concentration gradients within cities. This paper describes exposure assessment in MESA Air, including questionnaires, community sampling, home monitoring, and personal sampling. Summary statistics describing the performance of the sampling methods are presented along with descriptive statistics of the air pollution concentrations by city.

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    63. Anjum Hajat, Matthew Allison, Ana V. Diez-Roux, Nancy Swords Jenny, Neal W. Jorgensen, Adam A. Szpiro, Sverre Vedal, Joel D. Kaufman. Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Markers of Inflammation, Coagulation, and Endothelial Activation. Epidemiology 2015, 26 (3) , 310-320. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000267
    64. Joshua P. Keller, Casey Olives, Sun-Young Kim, Lianne Sheppard, Paul D. Sampson, Adam A. Szpiro, Assaf P. Oron, Johan Lindström, Sverre Vedal, Joel D. Kaufman. A Unified Spatiotemporal Modeling Approach for Predicting Concentrations of Multiple Air Pollutants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015, 123 (4) , 301-309. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408145
    65. Sung Kyun Park, Sara D. Adar, Marie S. O'Neill, Amy H. Auchincloss, Adam Szpiro, Alain G. Bertoni, Ana Navas-Acien, Joel D. Kaufman, Ana V. Diez-Roux. Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Multiethnic Cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology 2015, 181 (5) , 327-336. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwu280
    66. Sara D. Adar, Joel D. Kaufman, Ana V. Diez-Roux, Eric A. Hoffman, Jennifer D’Souza, Karen H. Stukovsky, Stephen S. Rich, Jerome I. Rotter, Xiuqing Guo, Leslie J. Raffel, Paul D. Sampson, Assaf P. Oron, Trivellore Raghunathan, R. Graham Barr. Air Pollution and Percent Emphysema Identified by Computed Tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015, 123 (2) , 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307951
    67. David Bolin, Finn Lindgren. Excursion and Contour Uncertainty Regions for Latent Gaussian Models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology 2015, 77 (1) , 85-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/rssb.12055
    68. Casey Olives, Lianne Sheppard, Johan Lindström, Paul D. Sampson, Joel D. Kaufman, Adam A. Szpiro. Reduced-rank spatio-temporal modeling of air pollution concentrations in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution. The Annals of Applied Statistics 2014, 8 (4) https://doi.org/10.1214/14-AOAS786
    69. Lingbing Feng, Gen Nowak, T.J. O’Neill, A.H. Welsh. CUTOFF: A spatio-temporal imputation method. Journal of Hydrology 2014, 519 , 3591-3605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.012
    70. Miranda R. Jones, Ana V. Diez-Roux, Anjum Hajat, Kiarri N. Kershaw, Marie S. O’Neill, Eliseo Guallar, Wendy S. Post, Joel D. Kaufman, Ana Navas-Acien. Race/Ethnicity, Residential Segregation, and Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). American Journal of Public Health 2014, 104 (11) , 2130-2137. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302135
    71. Johan Lindström, Adam A. Szpiro, Paul D. Sampson, Assaf P. Oron, Mark Richards, Tim V. Larson, Lianne Sheppard. A flexible spatio-temporal model for air pollution with spatial and spatio-temporal covariates. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 2014, 21 (3) , 411-433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-013-0261-4
    72. Kai Zhang, Timothy V. Larson, Amanda Gassett, Adam A. Szpiro, Martha Daviglus, Gregory L. Burke, Joel D. Kaufman, Sara D. Adar. Characterizing Spatial Patterns of Airborne Coarse Particulate (PM 10–2.5 ) Mass and Chemical Components in Three Cities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Environmental Health Perspectives 2014, 122 (8) , 823-830. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307287
    73. Peter J. Leary, Joel D. Kaufman, R. Graham Barr, David A. Bluemke, Cynthia L. Curl, Catherine L. Hough, Joao A. Lima, Adam A. Szpiro, Victor C. Van Hee, Steven M. Kawut. Traffic-related Air Pollution and the Right Ventricle. The Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2014, 189 (9) , 1093-1100. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201312-2298OC
    74. Adam A. Szpiro, Christopher J. Paciorek. Measurement error in two‐stage analyses, with application to air pollution epidemiology. Environmetrics 2013, 24 (8) , 501-517. https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2233
    75. Min Sun, Joel D Kaufman, Sun-Young Kim, Timothy V Larson, Timothy R Gould, Joseph F Polak, Matthew J Budoff, Ana V Diez Roux, Sverre Vedal. Particulate matter components and subclinical atherosclerosis: common approaches to estimating exposure in a Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cross-sectional study. Environmental Health 2013, 12 (1) https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-12-39
    76. Gerard Hoek, Ranjini M Krishnan, Rob Beelen, Annette Peters, Bart Ostro, Bert Brunekreef, Joel D Kaufman. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review. Environmental Health 2013, 12 (1) https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-12-43
    77. M. T. Hicken, S. D. Adar, A. V. Diez Roux, M. S. O'Neill, S. Magzamen, A. H. Auchincloss, J. D. Kaufman. Do Psychosocial Stress and Social Disadvantage Modify the Association Between Air Pollution and Blood Pressure?: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. American Journal of Epidemiology 2013, 178 (10) , 1550-1562. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt190
    78. Anjum Hajat, Ana V. Diez-Roux, Sara D. Adar, Amy H. Auchincloss, Gina S. Lovasi, Marie S. O’Neill, Lianne Sheppard, Joel D. Kaufman. Air Pollution and Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status: Evidence from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Environmental Health Perspectives 2013, 121 (11-12) , 1325-1333. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206337
    79. Sara D. Adar, Lianne Sheppard, Sverre Vedal, Joseph F. Polak, Paul D. Sampson, Ana V. Diez Roux, Matthew Budoff, David R. Jacobs, R. Graham Barr, Karol Watson, Joel D. Kaufman, . Fine Particulate Air Pollution and the Progression of Carotid Intima-Medial Thickness: A Prospective Cohort Study from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution. PLoS Medicine 2013, 10 (4) , e1001430. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001430
    80. Mathias Ritter, Mathias D. Müller, Oriol Jorba, Eberhard Parlow, L.-J. Sally Liu. Impact of chemical and meteorological boundary and initial conditions on air quality modeling: WRF-Chem sensitivity evaluation for a European domain. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 2013, 119 (1-2) , 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-012-0222-8
    81. Kathleen M. Donohue, Eric A. Hoffman, Heather Baumhauer, Junfeng Guo, Matthew Budoff, John H.M. Austin, Ravi Kalhan, Steven Kawut, Russell Tracy, R. Graham Barr. Cigarette smoking and airway wall thickness on CT scan in a multi-ethnic cohort: The MESA Lung Study. Respiratory Medicine 2012, 106 (12) , 1655-1664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2012.08.006
    82. B. Stephens, J. A. Siegel. Penetration of ambient submicron particles into single-family residences and associations with building characteristics. Indoor Air 2012, 22 (6) , 501-513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00779.x
    83. C Jason Liang, Matthew J Budoff, Joel D Kaufman, Richard A Kronmal, Elizabeth R Brown. An alternative method for quantifying coronary artery calcification: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). BMC Medical Imaging 2012, 12 (1) https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-12-14
    84. Ranjini M. Krishnan, Sara D. Adar, Adam A. Szpiro, Neal W. Jorgensen, Victor C. Van Hee, R. Graham Barr, Marie S. O'Neill, David M. Herrington, Joseph F. Polak, Joel D. Kaufman. Vascular Responses to Long- and Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012, 60 (21) , 2158-2166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.973
    85. J. D. Kaufman, S. D. Adar, R. W. Allen, R. G. Barr, M. J. Budoff, G. L. Burke, A. M. Casillas, M. A. Cohen, C. L. Curl, M. L. Daviglus, A. V. D. Roux, D. R. Jacobs, R. A. Kronmal, T. V. Larson, S. L.-J. Liu, T. Lumley, A. Navas-Acien, D. H. O'Leary, J. I. Rotter, P. D. Sampson, L. Sheppard, D. S. Siscovick, J. H. Stein, A. A. Szpiro, R. P. Tracy. Prospective Study of Particulate Air Pollution Exposures, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). American Journal of Epidemiology 2012, 176 (9) , 825-837. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws169
    86. Mercedes A. Bravo, Montserrat Fuentes, Yang Zhang, Michael J. Burr, Michelle L. Bell. Comparison of exposure estimation methods for air pollutants: Ambient monitoring data and regional air quality simulation. Environmental Research 2012, 116 , 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.04.008
    87. Ryan W. Allen, Sara D. Adar, Ed Avol, Martin Cohen, Cynthia L. Curl, Timothy Larson, L.-J. Sally Liu, Lianne Sheppard, Joel D. Kaufman. Modeling the Residential Infiltration of Outdoor PM 2.5 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Environmental Health Perspectives 2012, 120 (6) , 824-830. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104447
    88. FRANK J. KELLY, GARY W. FULLER, HEATHER A. WALTON, JULIA C. FUSSELL. Monitoring air pollution: Use of early warning systems for public health. Respirology 2012, 17 (1) , 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02065.x
    89. Paul D. Sampson, Adam A. Szpiro, Lianne Sheppard, Johan Lindström, Joel D. Kaufman. Pragmatic estimation of a spatio-temporal air quality model with irregular monitoring data. Atmospheric Environment 2011, 45 (36) , 6593-6606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.073
    90. Victor C. Van Hee, Adam A. Szpiro, Ronald Prineas, Jonathan Neyer, Karol Watson, David Siscovick, Sung Kyun Park, Joel D. Kaufman. Association of Long-term Air Pollution With Ventricular Conduction and Repolarization Abnormalities. Epidemiology 2011, 22 (6) , 773-780. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31823061a9
    91. Laina D. Mercer, Adam A. Szpiro, Lianne Sheppard, Johan Lindström, Sara D. Adar, Ryan W. Allen, Edward L. Avol, Assaf P. Oron, Timothy Larson, L.-J. Sally Liu, Joel D. Kaufman. Comparing universal kriging and land-use regression for predicting concentrations of gaseous oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Atmospheric Environment 2011, 45 (26) , 4412-4420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.043
    92. Edward A. Gill, Cynthia L. Curl, Sara D. Adar, Ryan W. Allen, Amy H. Auchincloss, Marie S. O'Neill, Sung Kyun Park, Victor C. Van Hee, Ana V. Diez Roux, Joel D. Kaufman. Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 2011, 53 (5) , 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2011.02.001
    93. Sara D. Adar, Ronald Klein, Barbara E. K. Klein, Adam A. Szpiro, Mary Frances Cotch, Tien Y. Wong, Marie S. O'Neill, Sandi Shrager, R. Graham Barr, David S. Siscovick, Martha L. Daviglus, Paul D. Sampson, Joel D. Kaufman, . Air Pollution and the Microvasculature: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of In Vivo Retinal Images in the Population-Based Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). PLoS Medicine 2010, 7 (11) , e1000372. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000372
    94. Ji-Young Son, Michelle L. Bell, Jong-Tae Lee. Individual exposure to air pollution and lung function in Korea: Spatial analysis using multiple exposure approaches. Environmental Research 2010, 110 (8) , 739-749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.08.003
    95. Joel D. Kaufman. Does Air Pollution Accelerate Progression of Atherosclerosis?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2010, 56 (22) , 1809-1811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.054
    96. Adam A. Szpiro, Paul D. Sampson, Lianne Sheppard, Thomas Lumley, Sara D. Adar, Joel D. Kaufman. Predicting intra‐urban variation in air pollution concentrations with complex spatio‐temporal dependencies. Environmetrics 2010, 21 (6) , 606-631. https://doi.org/10.1002/env.1014
    97. Darren Wilton, Adam Szpiro, Timothy Gould, Timothy Larson. Improving spatial concentration estimates for nitrogen oxides using a hybrid meteorological dispersion/land use regression model in Los Angeles, CA and Seattle, WA. Science of The Total Environment 2010, 408 (5) , 1120-1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.033
    98. Steen Solvang Jensen, Tim Larson, K.C. Deepti, Joel D. Kaufman. Modeling traffic air pollution in street canyons in New York City for intra-urban exposure assessment in the US Multi-Ethnic Study of atherosclerosis and air pollution. Atmospheric Environment 2009, 43 (30) , 4544-4556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.042
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