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Triplet Exciton Generation in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Endohedral Fullerenes

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† Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
‡ Laboratory for Materials and Interface Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
§ Luna Innovations Incorporated, 521 Bridge Street, Danville, Virginia 24541, United States
∥ Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), 97074 Würzburg, Germany
⊥ School of Physics and Astronomy, Kelvin Nanocharacterisation Centre, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, Scotland
[email protected]; [email protected]
Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 23, 9088–9094
Publication Date (Web):May 4, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja2025432
Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Organic bulk-heterojunctions (BHJ) and solar cells containing the trimetallic nitride endohedral fullerene 1-[3-(2-ethyl)hexoxy carbonyl]propyl-1-phenyl-Lu3[email protected]80 (Lu3[email protected]80-PCBEH) show an open circuit voltage (VOC) 0.3 V higher than similar devices with [6,6]-phenyl-C[61]-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). To fully exploit the potential of this acceptor molecule with respect to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells, the short circuit current (JSC) should be improved to become competitive with the state of the art solar cells. Here, we address factors influencing the JSC in blends containing the high voltage absorber Lu3[email protected]80-PCBEH in view of both photogeneration but also transport and extraction of charge carriers. We apply optical, charge carrier extraction, morphology, and spin-sensitive techniques. In blends containing Lu3[email protected]80-PCBEH, we found 2 times weaker photoluminescence quenching, remainders of interchain excitons, and, most remarkably, triplet excitons formed on the polymer chain, which were absent in the reference P3HT:PC61BM blends. We show that electron back transfer to the triplet state along with the lower exciton dissociation yield due to intramolecular charge transfer in Lu3[email protected]80-PCBEH are responsible for the reduced photocurrent.

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