ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
First Observation of a Kondo Resonance for a Stable Neutral Pure Organic Radical, 1,3,5-Triphenyl-6-oxoverdazyl, Adsorbed on the Au(111) Surface

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Publications

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 2, 651-658
    Article

    First Observation of a Kondo Resonance for a Stable Neutral Pure Organic Radical, 1,3,5-Triphenyl-6-oxoverdazyl, Adsorbed on the Au(111) Surface
    Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

    View Author Information
    † Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM, Tagen), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-0877, Japan
    ‡ Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
    § JST, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
    [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    Journal of the American Chemical Society

    Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 2, 651–658
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/ja303510g
    Published December 15, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

    Abstract

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
    Abstract Image

    We investigated spin states of stable neutral pure-organic radical molecules of 1,3,5-triphenyl-6-oxoverdazyl (TOV) and 1,3,5-triphenyl-6-thioxoverdazly (TTV) adsorbed on an Au(111) surface, which appears as a Kondo resonance because of spin-electron interaction. By using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), a clear Kondo resonance was detected for the TOV molecule. However, no Kondo resonance was detected for TOV molecules with protrusions in the occupied state image and for TTV molecules. Spin-resolved DFT calculations showed that an unpaired π electron was delocalized over the adsorbed TOV molecule, which was the origin of the Kondo resonance. For the TOV molecules with protrusions, we proposed a model in which an additional H atom was attached to the TOV molecule. Calculations showed that, upon transfer of an electron to the verdazyl ring, the unpaired π electron disappeared, accounting for the absence of a Kondo resonance in the STS spectra. The absence of a Kondo resonance for the TTV molecule can be explained in a similar manner. In other words, electron transfer to the verdazyl ring occurs because of Au–S bond formation.

    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society

    Subjects

    what are subjects

    Read this article

    To access this article, please review the available access options below.

    Get instant access

    Purchase Access

    Read this article for 48 hours. Check out below using your ACS ID or as a guest.

    Recommended

    Access through Your Institution

    You may have access to this article through your institution.

    Your institution does not have access to this content. Add or change your institution or let them know you’d like them to include access.

    Supporting Information

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    Molecular structures of TOV dimers. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

    Terms & Conditions

    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

    Cited By

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
    Citation Statements
    Explore this article's citation statements on scite.ai
    powered by  Scite

    This article is cited by 58 publications.

    1. Lijun Zuo, Lyuzhou Ye, Xiangyang Li, Rui-Xue Xu, YiJing Yan, Xiao Zheng. Unraveling the Nature of Spin Coupling in a Metal-Free Diradical: Theoretical Distinction of Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Interactions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2024, 15 (21) , 5761-5769. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01063
    2. L. C. Ribeiro, Victor Lopes, G. Chiappe, E. Louis, E. V. Anda. Kondo Effect in Distorted Titanium Phthalocyanine Molecules Adsorbed on a Cu(110) Metallic Surface. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2024, 128 (21) , 8767-8773. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07751
    3. Haitao Zhang, Carmen Herrmann. Interaction between TEMPO Radicals and Gold Surfaces. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2023, 127 (38) , 19202-19212. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04401
    4. Thomas Y. Baum, Saleta Fernández, Diego Peña, Herre S. J. van der Zant. Magnetic Fingerprints in an All-Organic Radical Molecular Break Junction. Nano Letters 2022, 22 (20) , 8086-8092. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02326
    5. Ángel Campos-Lendinez, Núria Crivillers, Stefan T. Bromley, Concepció Rovira, Gary W. Breton, Marta Mas-Torrent. Efficient Routes for the Preparation of Urazole Radical Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold Surfaces. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2022, 126 (31) , 13358-13365. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02453
    6. Shaotang Song, Na Guo, Xinzhe Li, Guangwu Li, Yohei Haketa, Mykola Telychko, Jie Su, Pin Lyu, Zhizhan Qiu, Hanyan Fang, Xinnan Peng, Jing Li, Xinbang Wu, Ying Li, Chenliang Su, Ming Joo Koh, Jishan Wu, Hiromitsu Maeda, Chun Zhang, Jiong Lu. Real-Space Imaging of a Single-Molecule Monoradical Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020, 142 (31) , 13550-13557. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c05337
    7. M. R. Ajayakumar, César Moreno, Isaac Alcón, Francesc Illas, Concepció Rovira, Jaume Veciana, Stefan T. Bromley, Aitor Mugarza, Marta Mas-Torrent. Neutral Organic Radical Formation by Chemisorption on Metal Surfaces. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2020, 11 (10) , 3897-3904. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00269
    8. J. Granet, M. Sicot, I. C. Gerber, G. Kremer, T. Pierron, B. Kierren, L. Moreau, Y. Fagot-Revurat, S. Lamare, F. Chérioux, D. Malterre. Adsorption-Induced Kondo Effect in Metal-Free Phthalocyanine on Ag(111). The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2020, 124 (19) , 10441-10452. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11141
    9. Jonathan Z. Low, Gregor Kladnik, Laerte L. Patera, Sophia Sokolov, Giacomo Lovat, Elango Kumarasamy, Jascha Repp, Luis M. Campos, Dean Cvetko, Alberto Morgante, Latha Venkataraman. The Environment-Dependent Behavior of the Blatter Radical at the Metal–Molecule Interface. Nano Letters 2019, 19 (4) , 2543-2548. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00275
    10. Francesc Bejarano, Ignacio Jose Olavarria-Contreras, Andrea Droghetti, Ivan Rungger, Alexander Rudnev, Diego Gutiérrez, Marta Mas-Torrent, Jaume Veciana, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Concepció Rovira, Enrique Burzurı́, and Núria Crivillers . Robust Organic Radical Molecular Junctions Using Acetylene Terminated Groups for C–Au Bond Formation. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018, 140 (5) , 1691-1696. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b10019
    11. Thomas Knaak, Manuel Gruber, Christoph Lindström, Marie-Laure Bocquet, Jürgen Heck, and Richard Berndt . Ligand-Induced Energy Shift and Localization of Kondo Resonances in Cobalt-Based Complexes on Cu(111). Nano Letters 2017, 17 (11) , 7146-7151. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04181
    12. Giulia E. Pacchioni, Marina Pivetta, Luca Gragnaniello, Fabio Donati, Gabriel Autès, Oleg V. Yazyev, Stefano Rusponi, and Harald Brune . Two-Orbital Kondo Screening in a Self-Assembled Metal–Organic Complex. ACS Nano 2017, 11 (3) , 2675-2681. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b07431
    13. Manuel Gruber and Richard Berndt . Manipulation of Cyclohexene-Based Organic Molecules on Various Metallic Substrates. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016, 120 (33) , 18642-18650. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06089
    14. Ryoma Hayakawa, Mohammad Amin Karimi, Jannic Wolf, Thomas Huhn, Martin Sebastian Zöllner, Carmen Herrmann, and Elke Scheer . Large Magnetoresistance in Single-Radical Molecular Junctions. Nano Letters 2016, 16 (8) , 4960-4967. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01595
    15. R. Gaudenzi, E. Burzurí, D. Reta, I. de P. R. Moreira, S. T. Bromley, C. Rovira, J. Veciana, and H. S. J. van der Zant . Exchange Coupling Inversion in a High-Spin Organic Triradical Molecule. Nano Letters 2016, 16 (3) , 2066-2071. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00102
    16. Veronica Mugnaini, Arrigo Calzolari, Ruslan Ovsyannikov, Antje Vollmer, Mathieu Gonidec, Isaac Alcon, Jaume Veciana, and Maddalena Pedio . Looking Inside the Perchlorinated Trityl Radical/Metal Spinterface through Spectroscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2015, 6 (11) , 2101-2106. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00848
    17. Akira Tanushi, Tetsuro Kusamoto, Yohei Hattori, Kenji Takada, and Hiroshi Nishihara . Spin-Reconstructed Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in a Ferrocene–Nickeladithiolene Hybrid. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2015, 137 (20) , 6448-6451. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b02118
    18. Riccardo Frisenda, Rocco Gaudenzi, Carlos Franco, Marta Mas-Torrent, Concepció Rovira, Jaume Veciana, Isaac Alcon, Stefan T. Bromley, Enrique Burzurí, and Herre S. J. van der Zant . Kondo Effect in a Neutral and Stable All Organic Radical Single Molecule Break Junction. Nano Letters 2015, 15 (5) , 3109-3114. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00155
    19. Reza Kakavandi, Sabine-Antonia Savu, Lorenzo Sorace, Donella Rovai, Matteo Mannini, and Maria Benedetta Casu . Core-Hole Screening, Electronic Structure, and Paramagnetic Character in Thin Films of Organic Radicals Deposited on SiO2/Si(111). The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2014, 118 (15) , 8044-8049. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5013736
    20. Gautam Mitra, Jueting Zheng, Karen Schaefer, Michael Deffner, Jonathan Z. Low, Luis M. Campos, Carmen Herrmann, Theo A. Costi, Elke Scheer. Conventional versus singlet-triplet Kondo effect in Blatter radical molecular junctions: Zero-bias anomalies and magnetoresistance. Chem 2025, 32 , 102500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102500
    21. Hina Kobayashi, Michio M. Matsushita, Ken Kato, Masazumi Fujiwara, Yoshio Teki. Photocurrent EDMR Measurement and Carrier Behavior of TIPS-Pentacene Under FET Device Operation. Applied Magnetic Resonance 2025, 56 (1-2) , 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-024-01715-2
    22. Nicolas Néel, Christian Dreßler, Jörg Kröger. Effect of orbital symmetry on probing the single-molecule Kondo effect. Physical Review B 2024, 109 (24) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109.L241401
    23. Yaqi Zhang, Renhui Qiu, Kai Qu, Cheng Zhang, J. Fraser Stoddart, Hongliang Chen. Organic radicals in single-molecule junctions. Science China Materials 2024, 67 (3) , 709-728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-024-2792-0
    24. Jie Yao, Ai-Di Zhao, , . Advances in detection and regulation of surface-supported molecular quantum states. Acta Physica Sinica 2022, 71 (6) , 060701. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20212324
    25. Carla Lupo, François Jamet, Wai Hei Terence Tse, Ivan Rungger, Cedric Weber. Maximally localized dynamical quantum embedding for solving many-body correlated systems. Nature Computational Science 2021, 1 (6) , 410-420. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-021-00090-3
    26. Jialiang Xu, Li Zhu, Hu Gao, Chenhong Li, Meng‐Jiao Zhu, Zhen‐Yu Jia, Xin‐Yang Zhu, Yue Zhao, Shao‐Chun Li, Fan Wu, Zhen Shen. Ligand Non‐innocence and Single Molecular Spintronic Properties of Ag II Dibenzocorrole Radical on Ag(111). Angewandte Chemie 2021, 133 (21) , 11808-11812. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202016674
    27. Jialiang Xu, Li Zhu, Hu Gao, Chenhong Li, Meng‐Jiao Zhu, Zhen‐Yu Jia, Xin‐Yang Zhu, Yue Zhao, Shao‐Chun Li, Fan Wu, Zhen Shen. Ligand Non‐innocence and Single Molecular Spintronic Properties of Ag II Dibenzocorrole Radical on Ag(111). Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2021, 60 (21) , 11702-11706. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202016674
    28. Marc Philipp Bahlke, Michaela Schneeberger, Carmen Herrmann. Local decomposition of hybridization functions: Chemical insight into correlated molecular adsorbates. The Journal of Chemical Physics 2021, 154 (14) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0045640
    29. H. Koshida, H. Okuyama, S. Hatta, T. Aruga, E. Minamitani. Effect of local geometry on magnetic property of nitric oxide on Au ( 110 ) − ( 1 × 2 ) . Physical Review B 2021, 103 (15) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.155412
    30. Zhen Xu, Jing Liu, Shimin Hou, Yongfeng Wang. Manipulation of Molecular Spin State on Surfaces Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Nanomaterials 2020, 10 (12) , 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122393
    31. Tadahiro Komeda, Keiichi Katoh, Masahiro Yamashita. Single Molecule Magnet for Quantum Information Process'. 2019, 263-304. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527823987.vol3_c11
    32. Laerte L. Patera, Sophia Sokolov, Jonathan Z. Low, Luis M. Campos, Latha Venkataraman, Jascha Repp. Abbildung des Orbitals des ungepaarten Elektrons in einem stabilen, organischen Radikal anhand seiner Kondo‐Resonanz. Angewandte Chemie 2019, 131 (32) , 11179-11183. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201904851
    33. Laerte L. Patera, Sophia Sokolov, Jonathan Z. Low, Luis M. Campos, Latha Venkataraman, Jascha Repp. Resolving the Unpaired‐Electron Orbital Distribution in a Stable Organic Radical by Kondo Resonance Mapping. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58 (32) , 11063-11067. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201904851
    34. Marie‐Laure Bocquet, Nicolas Lorente, Richard Berndt, Manuel Gruber. Spin in a Closed‐Shell Organic Molecule on a Metal Substrate Generated by a Sigmatropic Reaction. Angewandte Chemie 2019, 131 (3) , 831-834. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201812121
    35. Marie‐Laure Bocquet, Nicolas Lorente, Richard Berndt, Manuel Gruber. Spin in a Closed‐Shell Organic Molecule on a Metal Substrate Generated by a Sigmatropic Reaction. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2019, 58 (3) , 821-824. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201812121
    36. Ruoning Li, Na Li, Hao Wang, Alexander Weismann, Yajie Zhang, Shimin Hou, Kai Wu, Yongfeng Wang. Tuning the spin-related transport properties of FePc on Au(111) through single-molecule chemistry. Chemical Communications 2018, 54 (66) , 9135-9138. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC02994F
    37. W. H. Appelt, A. Droghetti, L. Chioncel, M. M. Radonjić, E. Muñoz, S. Kirchner, D. Vollhardt, I. Rungger. Predicting the conductance of strongly correlated molecules: the Kondo effect in perchlorotriphenylmethyl/Au junctions. Nanoscale 2018, 10 (37) , 17738-17750. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR03991G
    38. Junyang Liu, Xiaotao Zhao, Qusiy Al‐Galiby, Xiaoyan Huang, Jueting Zheng, Ruihao Li, Cancan Huang, Yang Yang, Jia Shi, David Zsolt Manrique, Colin J. Lambert, Martin R. Bryce, Wenjing Hong. Radical‐Enhanced Charge Transport in Single‐Molecule Phenothiazine Electrical Junctions. Angewandte Chemie 2017, 129 (42) , 13241-13245. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201707710
    39. Junyang Liu, Xiaotao Zhao, Qusiy Al‐Galiby, Xiaoyan Huang, Jueting Zheng, Ruihao Li, Cancan Huang, Yang Yang, Jia Shi, David Zsolt Manrique, Colin J. Lambert, Martin R. Bryce, Wenjing Hong. Radical‐Enhanced Charge Transport in Single‐Molecule Phenothiazine Electrical Junctions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2017, 56 (42) , 13061-13065. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201707710
    40. Andrea Droghetti, Ivan Rungger. Quantum transport simulation scheme including strong correlations and its application to organic radicals adsorbed on gold. Physical Review B 2017, 95 (8) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.085131
    41. Gonca Seber, Alexander V. Rudnev, Andrea Droghetti, Ivan Rungger, Jaume Veciana, Marta Mas‐Torrent, Concepció Rovira, Núria Crivillers. Covalent Modification of Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite with a Stable Organic Free Radical by Using Diazonium Chemistry. Chemistry – A European Journal 2017, 23 (6) , 1415-1421. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201604700
    42. Zhichao Huang, Yajie Zhang, Yang He, Huanjun Song, Cen Yin, Kai Wu. A chemist's overview of surface electron spins. Chemical Society Reviews 2017, 46 (7) , 1955-1976. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00891G
    43. M. R. Ajayakumar, I. Alcón, S. T. Bromley, J. Veciana, C. Rovira, M. Mas-Torrent. Direct covalent grafting of an organic radical core on gold and silver. RSC Advances 2017, 7 (33) , 20076-20083. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA01686G
    44. Emi MINAMITANI. Kondo Effect in Molecules on Surfaces: From Theoretical Point of View. Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan 2017, 60 (5) , 170-175. https://doi.org/10.3131/jvsj2.60.170
    45. Reza Kakavandi, Arrigo Calzolari, Yulia B. Borozdina, Prince Ravat, Thomas Chassé, Martin Baumgarten, M. Benedetta Casu. Unraveling the mark of surface defects on a spinterface: The nitronyl nitroxide/TiO2(110) interface. Nano Research 2016, 9 (11) , 3515-3527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1228-1
    46. Keiichi Katoh, Tadahiro Komeda, Masahiro Yamashita. The Frontier of Molecular Spintronics Based on Multiple-Decker Phthalocyaninato Tb III Single-Molecule Magnets. The Chemical Record 2016, 16 (2) , 987-1016. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201500290
    47. Sujoy Karan, Richard Berndt. Generation of spin in single cholesterol molecules on gold. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2016, 18 (14) , 9334-9337. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP07410J
    48. I-Po Hong, Na Li, Ya-Jie Zhang, Hao Wang, Huan-Jun Song, Mei-Lin Bai, Xiong Zhou, Jian-Long Li, Gao-Chen Gu, Xue Zhang, Min Chen, J. Michael Gottfried, Dong Wang, Jing-Tao Lü, Lian-Mao Peng, Shi-Min Hou, Richard Berndt, Kai Wu, Yong-Feng Wang. Vacuum synthesis of magnetic aluminum phthalocyanine on Au(111). Chemical Communications 2016, 52 (68) , 10338-10341. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC03359H
    49. Violeta Iancu, Koen Schouteden, Zhe Li, Chris Van Haesendonck. Electron–phonon coupling in engineered magnetic molecules. Chemical Communications 2016, 52 (76) , 11359-11362. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC03847F
    50. Ferdous Ara, Zhi Kun Qi, Jie Hou, Tadahiro Komeda, Keiichi Katoh, Masahiro Yamashita. A scanning tunneling microscopy study of the electronic and spin states of bis(phthalocyaninato)terbium( iii ) (TbPc 2 ) molecules on Ag(111). Dalton Transactions 2016, 45 (42) , 16644-16652. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT01967F
    51. Sujoy Karan, Na Li, Yajie Zhang, Yang He, I-Po Hong, Huanjun Song, Jing-Tao Lü, Yongfeng Wang, Lianmao Peng, Kai Wu, Georg S. Michelitsch, Reinhard J. Maurer, Katharina Diller, Karsten Reuter, Alexander Weismann, Richard Berndt. Spin Manipulation by Creation of Single-Molecule Radical Cations. Physical Review Letters 2016, 116 (2) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.027201
    52. Fan Wu, Jie Liu, Puneet Mishra, Tadahiro Komeda, John Mack, Yi Chang, Nagao Kobayashi, Zhen Shen. Modulation of the molecular spintronic properties of adsorbed copper corroles. Nature Communications 2015, 6 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8547
    53. . Molecular Spintronics. 2015, 295-328. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527690541.ch17
    54. Tadahiro Komeda. Spins of adsorbed molecules investigated by the detection of Kondo resonance. Surface Science 2014, 630 , 343-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2014.07.012
    55. Yu Zhu, Yan-Mei Wang, Ji Xu, Pan Liu, H.A.B.M.D. Weththasinha, Yun-Long Wu, Xiao-Qing Lu, Ji-Min Xie. Syntheses, structures, molecular and cationic recognitions and catalytic properties of two lanthanide coordination polymers based on a flexible tricarboxylate. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2014, 219 , 259-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2014.07.029
    56. Tadahiro Komeda, Keiichi Katoh, Masahiro Yamashita. Double-decker phthalocyanine complex: Scanning tunneling microscopy study of film formation and spin properties. Progress in Surface Science 2014, 89 (2) , 127-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2014.03.001
    57. Lapo Bogani. Experiments on Molecular Magnets for Molecular Spintronics. 2014, 331-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/430_2014_170
    58. Reza Kakavandi, Sabine-Antonia Savu, Andrea Caneschi, Thomas Chassé, Maria Benedetta Casu. At the interface between organic radicals and TiO2(110) single crystals: electronic structure and paramagnetic character. Chemical Communications 2013, 49 (86) , 10103. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc45693e
    Download PDF
    Go to Journal of the American Chemical Society
    Get e-Alerts
    Get e-Alerts

    Journal of the American Chemical Society

    Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 2, 651–658
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/ja303510g
    Published December 15, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

    Article Views

    2803

    Altmetric

    -

    Citations

    58
    Learn about these metrics

    Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.

    Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

    The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.