A Donor–Acceptor [2]Catenane for Visible Light Photocatalysis
- Yang JiaoYang JiaoDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Yang Jiao
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- Luka ĐorđevićLuka ĐorđevićDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesCenter for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Luka Đorđević
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- Haochuan MaoHaochuan MaoDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesInstitute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Haochuan Mao
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- Ryan M. YoungRyan M. YoungDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesInstitute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Ryan M. Young
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- Tyler JaynesTyler JaynesDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesCenter for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Tyler Jaynes
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- Hongliang ChenHongliang ChenDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Hongliang Chen
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- Yunyan QiuYunyan QiuDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Yunyan Qiu
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- Kang CaiKang CaiDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Kang Cai
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- Long ZhangLong ZhangDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Long Zhang
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- Xiao-Yang ChenXiao-Yang ChenDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Xiao-Yang Chen
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- Yuanning FengYuanning FengDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Yuanning Feng
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- Michael R. WasielewskiMichael R. WasielewskiDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesInstitute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesMore by Michael R. Wasielewski
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- Samuel I. Stupp*Samuel I. Stupp*[email protected]Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesCenter for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United StatesSimpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United StatesMore by Samuel I. Stupp
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- J. Fraser Stoddart*J. Fraser Stoddart*[email protected]Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United StatesSchool of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaMore by J. Fraser Stoddart
Abstract
Colored charge-transfer complexes can be formed by the association between electron-rich donor and electron-deficient acceptor molecules, bringing about the narrowing of HOMO–LUMO energy gaps so that they become capable of harnessing visible light. In an effort to facilitate the use of these widespread, but nonetheless weak, interactions for visible light photocatalysis, it is important to render the interactions strong and robust. Herein, we employ a well-known donor–acceptor [2]catenane—formed by the mechanical interlocking of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) and 1,5-dinaphtho[38]crown-10—in which the charge-transfer interactions between two 4,4′-bipyridinium and two 1,5-dioxynaphthalene units are enhanced by mechanical bonding, leading to increased absorption of visible light, even at low concentrations in solution. As a result, since this [2]catenane can generate persistent bipyridinium radical cations under continuous visible-light irradiation without the need for additional photosensitizers, it can display good catalytic activity in both photo-reductions and -oxidations, as demonstrated by hydrogen production—in the presence of platinum nanoparticles—and aerobic oxidation of organic sulfides, such as l-methionine, respectively. This research, which highlights the usefulness of nanoconfinement present in mechanically interlocked molecules for the reinforcement of weak interactions, can not only expand the potential of charge-transfer interactions in solar energy conversion and synthetic photocatalysis but also open up new possibilities for the development of active artificial molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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This article is cited by 3 publications.
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