Unraveling Nanoscale Cobalt Oxide Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Maximum Performance, Minimum EffortClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
- Lukas ReithLukas ReithDepartment of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandMore by Lukas Reith
- Carlos A. TrianaCarlos A. TrianaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandMore by Carlos A. Triana
- Faezeh PazokiFaezeh PazokiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandChemical Engineering Department, University of Tehran, District 6, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., Tehran 1417935840, IranMore by Faezeh Pazoki
- Mehran AmiriMehran AmiriDepartment of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, United StatesMore by Mehran Amiri
- May NymanMay NymanDepartment of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, United StatesMore by May Nyman
- Greta R. Patzke*Greta R. Patzke*Email for G.R.P.: [email protected]Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandMore by Greta R. Patzke
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key bottleneck step of artificial photosynthesis and an essential topic in renewable energy research. Therefore, stable, efficient, and economical water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) are in high demand and cobalt-based nanomaterials are promising targets. Herein, we tackle two key open questions after decades of research into cobalt-assisted visible-light-driven water oxidation: What makes simple cobalt-based precipitates so highly active—and to what extent do we need Co-WOC design? Hence, we started from Co(NO3)2 to generate a precursor precipitate, which transforms into a highly active WOC during the photocatalytic process with a [Ru(bpy)3]2+/S2O82–/borate buffer standard assay that outperforms state of the art cobalt catalysts. The structural transformations of these nanosized Co catalysts were monitored with a wide range of characterization techniques. The results reveal that the precipitated catalyst does not fully change into an amorphous CoOx material but develops some crystalline features. The transition from the precipitate into a disordered Co3O4 material proceeds within ca. 1 min, followed by further transformation into highly active disordered CoOOH within the first 10 min. Furthermore, under noncatalytic conditions, the precursor directly transforms into CoOOH. Moreover, fast precipitation and isolation afford a highly active precatalyst with an exceptional O2 yield of 91% for water oxidation with the visible-light-driven [Ru(bpy)3]2+/S2O82– assay, which outperforms a wide range of carefully designed Co-containing WOCs. We thus demonstrate that high-performance cobalt-based OER catalysts indeed emerge effortlessly from a self-optimization process favoring the formation of Co(III) centers in all-octahedral environments. This paves the way to new low-maintenance flow chemistry OER processes.
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