ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Oxygenation via Electrochemical Oxidation
My Activity

Figure 1Loading Img
    Article

    Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Oxygenation via Electrochemical Oxidation
    Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

    View Author Information
    State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
    Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road No. 130, Shanghai 200237, China
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    Journal of the American Chemical Society

    Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 8, 3293–3298
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b01232
    Published February 8, 2017
    Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
    Abstract Image

    Palladium-catalyzed C—H activation/C—O bond-forming reactions have emerged as attractive tools for organic synthesis. Typically, these reactions require strong chemical oxidants, which convert organopalladium(II) intermediates into the PdIII or PdIV oxidation state to promote otherwise challenging C—O reductive elimination. However, previously reported oxidants possess significant disadvantages, including poor atom economy, high cost, and the formation of undesired byproducts. To overcome these issues, we report an electrochemical strategy that takes advantage of anodic oxidation of PdII to induce selective C—O reductive elimination with a variety of oxyanion coupling partners.

    Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

    Read this article

    To access this article, please review the available access options below.

    Get instant access

    Purchase Access

    Read this article for 48 hours. Check out below using your ACS ID or as a guest.

    Recommended

    Access through Your Institution

    You may have access to this article through your institution.

    Your institution does not have access to this content. Add or change your institution or let them know you’d like them to include access.

    Supporting Information

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01232.

    • Detailed experimental procedures and characterization of new compounds (PDF)

    Terms & Conditions

    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

    Cited By

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    This article is cited by 312 publications.

    1. Kang Fu, Lei Shi. Enabling Site-Selective C–H Functionalization of Aliphatic Alcohols and Amines with exo-Directing Groups by Tether-Tunable Design of PdII/PdIV Catalysis. ACS Catalysis 2024, 14 (22) , 17077-17083. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.4c05553
    2. Seungdae Park, Baeho Yang, Dohyun Lee, Hyunwoo Kim, Kwangmin Shin. Electrooxidative Pd-Catalyzed Remote Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes with Nucleophiles. ACS Catalysis 2024, 14 (21) , 15858-15868. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.4c04279
    3. Asmae Bousfiha, Sophie Fournier, Hélène Cattey, Paul Fleurat-Lessard, Charles H. Devillers, Dominique Lucas, Jean-Cyrille Hierso, Julien Roger. Synthesis and Reactivity of s-Aryltetrazines Palladacycles Toward a Direct o-Aryl C–H Bond Halogenation Achieved by Electrocatalysis. Organometallics 2024, 43 (8) , 807-816. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00497
    4. Monica Brachi, Wassim El Housseini, Kevin Beaver, Rohit Jadhav, Ashwini Dantanarayana, Dylan G. Boucher, Shelley D. Minteer. Advanced Electroanalysis for Electrosynthesis. ACS Organic & Inorganic Au 2024, 4 (2) , 141-187. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00051
    5. Zhipeng Lin, João C. A. Oliveira, Alexej Scheremetjew, Lutz Ackermann. Palladium-Catalyzed Electrooxidative Double C–H Arylation. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2024, 146 (1) , 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c08479
    6. Yulei Wang, Suman Dana, Hao Long, Yang Xu, Yanjun Li, Nikolaos Kaplaneris, Lutz Ackermann. Electrochemical Late-Stage Functionalization. Chemical Reviews 2023, 123 (19) , 11269-11335. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00158
    7. Hui-Qi Ni, Malkanthi K. Karunananda, Tian Zeng, Shenghua Yang, Zhen Liu, K.N. Houk, Peng Liu, Keary M. Engle. Redox-Paired Alkene Difunctionalization Enables Skeletally Divergent Synthesis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2023, 145 (22) , 12351-12359. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c03274
    8. Zeng He, Hui-Lin Liu, Zhen-Hua Wang, Ke-Jing Jiao, Zi-Meng Li, Zhang-Jian Li, Ping Fang, Tian-Sheng Mei. C(sp3)–H Aerobic Alkenylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Organic Electrosynthesis. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2023, 88 (9) , 6203-6208. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.3c00223
    9. Anup Mandal, Jieun Jang, Baeho Yang, Hyunwoo Kim, Kwangmin Shin. Palladium-Catalyzed Electrooxidative Hydrofluorination of Aryl-Substituted Alkenes with a Nucleophilic Fluorine Source. Organic Letters 2023, 25 (1) , 195-199. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04045
    10. Yulei Zhao, Yuhang Fan, Xiaohan Meng, Xin Kang, Zhongyin Ji, Shina Yan, Laijin Tian. Electrochemical Cyclization of Alkynyl Enaminones: Controllable Synthesis of Indeno[1,2-c]pyrroles or Indanones. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2022, 87 (16) , 11131-11140. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.2c01373
    11. Francisco Zaera. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts?. Chemical Reviews 2022, 122 (9) , 8594-8757. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905
    12. Aline A. N. de Souza, Aloisio de A. Bartolomeu, Timothy J. Brocksom, Timothy Noël, Kleber T. de Oliveira. Direct Synthesis of α-Sulfenylated Ketones under Electrochemical Conditions. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2022, 87 (9) , 5856-5865. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.2c00147
    13. Qi-Liang Yang, Ying Liu, Lei Liang, Zhi-Hao Li, Gui-Rong Qu, Hai-Ming Guo. Facilitating Rh-Catalyzed C–H Alkylation of (Hetero)arenes and 6-Arylpurine Nucleosides (Nucleotides) with Electrochemistry. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2022, 87 (9) , 6161-6178. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.2c00391
    14. Christian A. Malapit, Matthew B. Prater, Jaime R. Cabrera-Pardo, Min Li, Tammy D. Pham, Timothy Patrick McFadden, Skylar Blank, Shelley D. Minteer. Advances on the Merger of Electrochemistry and Transition Metal Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chemical Reviews 2022, 122 (3) , 3180-3218. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00614
    15. Bin Liu, Andrew M. Romine, Camille Z. Rubel, Keary M. Engle, Bing-Feng Shi. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Coordination-Assisted Functionalization of Nonactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds. Chemical Reviews 2021, 121 (24) , 14957-15074. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00519
    16. Yulei Zhao, Xuqiang Guo, Shuai Li, Yuhang Fan, Xuejun Sun, Laijin Tian. PhB(OH)2-Promoted Electrochemical Sulfuration–Formyloxylation of Styrenes and Selectfluor-Mediated Oxidation–Olefination. Organic Letters 2021, 23 (23) , 9140-9145. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03461
    17. Lei Wei, Zhen-Hua Wang, Ke-Jin Jiao, Dong Liu, Cong Ma, Ping Fang, Tian-Sheng Mei. Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Halides via the Merger of Paired Electrolysis and Nickel Catalysis. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2021, 86 (22) , 15906-15913. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c00204
    18. Yulei Wang, Zhipeng Lin, João C. A. Oliveira, Lutz Ackermann. Electro-oxidative Intermolecular Allylic C(sp3)–H Aminations. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2021, 86 (22) , 15935-15945. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c00682
    19. Mohammad Rafiee, Mikayla N. Mayer, Buwanila T. Punchihewa, Matthew R. Mumau. Constant Potential and Constant Current Electrolysis: An Introduction and Comparison of Different Techniques for Organic Electrosynthesis. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2021, 86 (22) , 15866-15874. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c01391
    20. Rakesh Kumar, Prabal Banerjee. Electrochemical Generation of a Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylide: Access to Substituted N-Heterocycles. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2021, 86 (22) , 16104-16113. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c02069
    21. Jun-Chen Kang, Zi-Hao Li, Chao Chen, Li-Kun Dong, Shu-Yu Zhang. Paired Electrolysis Enabled Ni-Catalyzed Unconventional Cascade Reductive Thiolation Using Sulfinates. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2021, 86 (21) , 15326-15334. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c01891
    22. Zhen-Hua Wang, Pei-Sen Gao, Xiu Wang, Jun-Qing Gao, Xue-Tao Xu, Zeng He, Cong Ma, Tian-Sheng Mei. TEMPO-Enabled Electrochemical Enantioselective Oxidative Coupling of Secondary Acyclic Amines with Ketones. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021, 143 (38) , 15599-15605. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c08671
    23. Leonardo Massignan, Cuiju Zhu, Xiaoyan Hou, João C. A. Oliveira, Aude Salamé, Lutz Ackermann. Manganaelectro-Catalyzed Azine C–H Arylations and C–H Alkylations by Assistance of Weakly Coordinating Amides. ACS Catalysis 2021, 11 (18) , 11639-11649. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c02516
    24. Alexander M. Khenkin, Adi Herman, Eynat Haviv, Ronny Neumann. Electrocatalytic Oxyesterification of Hydrocarbons by Tetravalent Lead. ACS Catalysis 2021, 11 (16) , 10494-10501. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c01674
    25. Yong Wu, Li Zeng, Haoran Li, Yue Cao, Jingcheng Hu, Minghao Xu, Renyi Shi, Hong Yi, Aiwen Lei. Electrochemical Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Sonogashira Carbonylation of Arylhydrazines and Alkynes to Ynones. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021, 143 (32) , 12460-12466. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c06036
    26. Xiaosheng Luo, Ping Wang. Ynonylation of Acyl Radicals by Electroinduced Homolysis of 4-Acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. Organic Letters 2021, 23 (13) , 4960-4965. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01243
    27. Zhongyi Zeng, Jonas F. Goebel, Xianming Liu, Lukas J. Gooßen. 2,2′-Biaryldicarboxylate Synthesis via Electrocatalytic Dehydrogenative C–H/C–H Coupling of Benzoic Acids. ACS Catalysis 2021, 11 (11) , 6626-6632. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c01127
    28. Seongho Jin, Jinwoo Kim, Dongwook Kim, Jung-Woo Park, Sukbok Chang. Electrolytic C–H Oxygenation via Oxidatively Induced Reductive Elimination in Rh Catalysis. ACS Catalysis 2021, 11 (11) , 6590-6595. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c01670
    29. Benjamin R. Walker, Shuhei Manabe, Andrew T. Brusoe, Christo S. Sevov. Mediator-Enabled Electrocatalysis with Ligandless Copper for Anaerobic Chan–Lam Coupling Reactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021, 143 (16) , 6257-6265. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c02103
    30. Siyuan Wang, Qilin Xue, Zhipeng Guan, Yayu Ye, Aiwen Lei. Mn-Catalyzed Electrooxidative Undirected C–H/P–H Cross-Coupling between Aromatics and Diphenyl Phosphine Oxides. ACS Catalysis 2021, 11 (7) , 4295-4300. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c00549
    31. Huamin Wang, Meng He, Yongli Li, Heng Zhang, Dali Yang, Masanari Nagasaka, Zongchao Lv, Zhipeng Guan, Yangmin Cao, Fengping Gong, Zhilin Zhou, Jingyun Zhu, Supravat Samanta, Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury, Aiwen Lei. Electrochemical Oxidation Enables Regioselective and Scalable α-C(sp3)-H Acyloxylation of Sulfides. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021, 143 (9) , 3628-3637. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c00288
    32. Qi-Liang Yang, Hong-Wei Jia, Ying Liu, Yi-Kang Xing, Rui-Cong Ma, Man-Man Wang, Gui-Rong Qu, Tian-Sheng Mei, Hai-Ming Guo. Electrooxidative Iridium-Catalyzed Regioselective Annulation of Benzoic Acids with Internal Alkynes. Organic Letters 2021, 23 (4) , 1209-1215. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04168
    33. Ke Yu, Xianqiang Kong, Jiajun Yang, Guodong Li, Bo Xu, Qianjin Chen. Electrochemical Oxidative Halogenation of N-Aryl Alkynamides for the Synthesis of Spiro[4.5]trienones. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2021, 86 (1) , 917-928. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c02429
    34. Jinwoo Kim, Dongwook Kim, Sukbok Chang. Merging Two Functions in a Single Rh Catalyst System: Bimodular Conjugate for Light-Induced Oxidative Coupling. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020, 142 (45) , 19052-19057. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c09982
    35. Qiang Wei, Yao Ma, Yi Dong, Gang Liu. Copper-Catalyzed Direct C(sp3)–H Alkoxylation to Access Quaternary α-Alkoxylated Amino Acid Derivatives. Organic Letters 2020, 22 (15) , 5796-5800. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01853
    36. Tatyana V. Gryaznova, Mikhail N. Khrizanforov, Alina I. Levitskaya, Ildar Kh.Rizvanov, Marina Yu. Balakina, Kamil A. Ivshin, Olga N. Kataeva, Yulia H. Budnikova. Electrochemically Driven and Acid-Driven Pyridine-Directed ortho-Phosphorylation of C(sp2)–H Bonds. Organometallics 2020, 39 (13) , 2446-2454. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00247
    37. Zhongnan Xu, Yueheng Li, Guangquan Mo, Yucheng Zheng, Shaogao Zeng, Ping-Hua Sun, Zhixiong Ruan. Electrochemical Oxidative Phosphorylation of Aldehyde Hydrazones. Organic Letters 2020, 22 (10) , 4016-4020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01343
    38. Bo Su, Ala Bunescu, Yehao Qiu, Stephan J. Zuend, Martin Ernst, John F. Hartwig. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of β-C(sp3)–H Bonds of Primary Alkylamines through a Rare Four-Membered Palladacycle Intermediate. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020, 142 (17) , 7912-7919. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c01629
    39. Yik Ki Au, Hairong Lyu, Yangjian Quan, Zuowei Xie. Copper-Catalyzed Electrochemical Selective B–H Oxygenation of o-Carboranes at Room Temperature. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2020, 142 (15) , 6940-6945. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c02490
    40. Zhengli Duan, Lin Zhang, Wenxin Zhang, Lijun Lu, Li Zeng, Renyi Shi, Aiwen Lei. Palladium-Catalyzed Electro-oxidative C–H Amination toward the Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles with Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catalysis 2020, 10 (6) , 3828-3831. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c00103
    41. Sk. Sheriff Shah, Maniklal Shee, Amit Kumar Singh, Amrita Paul, N. D. Pradeep Singh. Direct Oxygenation of C–H Bonds through Photoredox and Palladium Catalysis. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2020, 85 (5) , 3426-3439. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b03197
    42. Ke-Jin Jiao, Yi-Kang Xing, Qi-Liang Yang, Hui Qiu, Tian-Sheng Mei. Site-Selective C–H Functionalization via Synergistic Use of Electrochemistry and Transition Metal Catalysis. Accounts of Chemical Research 2020, 53 (2) , 300-310. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00603
    43. Lutz Ackermann. Metalla-electrocatalyzed C–H Activation by Earth-Abundant 3d Metals and Beyond. Accounts of Chemical Research 2020, 53 (1) , 84-104. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00510
    44. Zi-Qiang Wang, Cheng Hou, Yuan-Fang Zhong, Yu-Xuan Lu, Zu-Yu Mo, Ying-Ming Pan, Hai-Tao Tang. Electrochemically Enabled Double C–H Activation of Amides: Chemoselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Isoquinolinones. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (24) , 9841-9845. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03682
    45. Qi-Liang Yang, Yi-Kang Xing, Xiang-Yang Wang, Hong-Xing Ma, Xin-Jun Weng, Xiang Yang, Hai-Ming Guo, Tian-Sheng Mei. Electrochemistry-Enabled Ir-Catalyzed Vinylic C–H Functionalization. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2019, 141 (48) , 18970-18976. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b11915
    46. Wei-Jun Kong, Lars H. Finger, Antonis M. Messinis, Rositha Kuniyil, João C. A. Oliveira, Lutz Ackermann. Flow Rhodaelectro-Catalyzed Alkyne Annulations by Versatile C–H Activation: Mechanistic Support for Rhodium(III/IV). Journal of the American Chemical Society 2019, 141 (43) , 17198-17206. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b07763
    47. Min Huang, Jie Dai, Xu Cheng, Mengning Ding. Electrochemical Approach for Direct C–H Phosphonylation of Unprotected Secondary Amine. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (19) , 7759-7762. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02707
    48. Chung-Yen Li, You-Chen Liu, Yi-Xuan Li, Daggula Mallikarjuna Reddy, Chin-Fa Lee. Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Phosphorylation of Thiols. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (19) , 7833-7836. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02825
    49. Cong Tian, Uttam Dhawa, Alexej Scheremetjew, Lutz Ackermann. Cupraelectro-Catalyzed Alkyne Annulation: Evidence for Distinct C–H Alkynylation and Decarboxylative C–H/C–C Manifolds. ACS Catalysis 2019, 9 (9) , 7690-7696. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b02348
    50. Yimiao He, Lilan Huang, Limei Xie, Peng Liu, Qiongmei Wei, Fangfang Mao, Xuehong Zhang, Jun Huang, Sijing Chen, Chusheng Huang. Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Bond Functionalization Reactions Using Phosphate/Sulfonate Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2019, 84 (16) , 10088-10101. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b01278
    51. Ruhuai Mei, Wenbo Ma, Yin Zhang, Xiaoqiang Guo, Lutz Ackermann. Cobaltaelectro-Catalyzed Oxidative C–H/N–H Activation with 1,3-Diynes by Electro-Removable Hydrazides. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (16) , 6534-6538. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02463
    52. Jun-Chen Kang, Yong-Qiang Tu, Jia-Wei Dong, Chao Chen, Jia Zhou, Tong-Mei Ding, Jian-Tao Zai, Zhi-Min Chen, Shu-Yu Zhang. Electrochemical Semipinacol Rearrangements of Allylic Alcohols: Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (8) , 2536-2540. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00263
    53. Qi-Liang Yang, Xiang-Yang Wang, Tong-Lin Wang, Xiang Yang, Dong Liu, Xiaofeng Tong, Xin-Yan Wu, Tian-Sheng Mei. Palladium-Catalyzed Electrochemical C–H Bromination Using NH4Br as the Brominating Reagent. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (8) , 2645-2649. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00629
    54. Chao Wan, Ren-Jie Song, Jin-Heng Li. Electrooxidative 1,2-Bromoesterification of Alkenes with Acids and N-Bromosuccinimide. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (8) , 2800-2803. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00771
    55. Shun-Ming Yang, Tian-Jun He, Dian-Zhao Lin, Jing-Mei Huang. Electrosynthesis of (E)-Vinyl Thiocyanates from Cinnamic Acids via Decarboxylative Coupling Reaction. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (7) , 1958-1962. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04136
    56. Subban Kathiravan, Subramanian Suriyanarayanan, Ian A. Nicholls. Electrooxidative Amination of sp2 C–H Bonds: Coupling of Amines with Aryl Amides via Copper Catalysis. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (7) , 1968-1972. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00003
    57. Qi-Liang Yang, Chuan-Zeng Li, Liang-Wei Zhang, Yu-Yan Li, Xiaofeng Tong, Xin-Yan Wu, Tian-Sheng Mei. Palladium-Catalyzed Electrochemical C–H Alkylation of Arenes. Organometallics 2019, 38 (6) , 1208-1212. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00550
    58. Li Cheng, Yuqian Sun, Wenrong Wang, Changsheng Yao, Tuan-Jie Li. Ligand-Free Copper(I)-Catalyzed Benzylic Acyloxylation of 2-Alkylpyridines under Aerobic Conditions. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2019, 84 (6) , 3074-3082. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.8b02794
    59. Jinwoo Kim, Kwangmin Shin, Seongho Jin, Dongwook Kim, Sukbok Chang. Oxidatively Induced Reductive Elimination: Exploring the Scope and Catalyst Systems with Ir, Rh, and Ru Complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2019, 141 (9) , 4137-4146. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b00364
    60. Li Sun, Yong Yuan, Min Yao, Han Wang, Daoxin Wang, Meng Gao, Yi-Hung Chen, Aiwen Lei. Electrochemical Aminoselenation and Oxyselenation of Styrenes with Hydrogen Evolution. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (5) , 1297-1300. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03274
    61. Yang Wang, Lingling Deng, Xiaochen Wang, Zhengguang Wu, Yi Wang, Yi Pan. Electrochemically Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed Carbon–Sulfur Bond Formation. ACS Catalysis 2019, 9 (3) , 1630-1634. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b04633
    62. Youai Qiu, Alexej Scheremetjew, Lutz Ackermann. Electro-Oxidative C–C Alkenylation by Rhodium(III) Catalysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2019, 141 (6) , 2731-2738. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b13692
    63. Manuel Nappi, Matthew J. Gaunt. A Class of N–O-Type Oxidants To Access High-Valent Palladium Species. Organometallics 2019, 38 (1) , 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00712
    64. Xihao Chang, Qinglin Zhang, Chang Guo. Electrochemical Reductive Smiles Rearrangement for C–N Bond Formation. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (1) , 10-13. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03178
    65. Yong Yuan, Yangmin Cao, Yueping Lin, Yongli Li, Zhiliang Huang, Aiwen Lei. Electrochemical Oxidative Alkoxysulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sulfonyl Hydrazines and Alcohols with Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catalysis 2018, 8 (11) , 10871-10875. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b03302
    66. Tjark H. Meyer, João C. A. Oliveira, Samaresh Chandra Sau, Nate W. J. Ang, Lutz Ackermann. Electrooxidative Allene Annulations by Mild Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H Activation. ACS Catalysis 2018, 8 (10) , 9140-9147. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b03066
    67. Jie Guo, Hui He, Zenghui Ye, Kai Zhu, Yanqi Wu, Fengzhi Zhang. Highly Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Arene C–H Acyloxylation with Benzothiadiazole as a Modifiable Directing Group. Organic Letters 2018, 20 (18) , 5692-5695. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02414
    68. Qi-Liang Yang, Xiang-Yang Wang, Jia-Yan Lu, Li-Pu Zhang, Ping Fang, Tian-Sheng Mei. Copper-Catalyzed Electrochemical C–H Amination of Arenes with Secondary Amines. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018, 140 (36) , 11487-11494. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b07380
    69. Nicolas Sauermann, Tjark H. Meyer, Youai Qiu, Lutz Ackermann. Electrocatalytic C–H Activation. ACS Catalysis 2018, 8 (8) , 7086-7103. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b01682
    70. Cong Ma, Ping Fang, Tian-Sheng Mei. Recent Advances in C–H Functionalization Using Electrochemical Transition Metal Catalysis. ACS Catalysis 2018, 8 (8) , 7179-7189. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b01697
    71. Ling Zhu, Yuan-Ye Jiang, Xia Fan, Peng Liu, Bao-Ping Ling, Siwei Bi. Mechanism of Palladium-Catalyzed Alkylation of Aryl Halides with Alkyl Halides through C–H Activation: A Computational Study. Organometallics 2018, 37 (14) , 2222-2231. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00185
    72. Ruhuai Mei, Nicolas Sauermann, João C. A. Oliveira, Lutz Ackermann. Electroremovable Traceless Hydrazides for Cobalt-Catalyzed Electro-Oxidative C–H/N–H Activation with Internal Alkynes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018, 140 (25) , 7913-7921. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b03521
    73. Li Zeng, Haoran Li, Shan Tang, Xinlong Gao, Yi Deng, Guoting Zhang, Chih-Wen Pao, Jeng-Lung Chen, Jyh-Fu Lee, Aiwen Lei. Cobalt-Catalyzed Electrochemical Oxidative C–H/N–H Carbonylation with Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catalysis 2018, 8 (6) , 5448-5453. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b00683
    74. Gregory S. Sauer, Song Lin. An Electrocatalytic Approach to the Radical Difunctionalization of Alkenes. ACS Catalysis 2018, 8 (6) , 5175-5187. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b01069
    75. Ke-Si Du, Jing-Mei Huang. Electrochemical Synthesis of Bisindolylmethanes from Indoles and Ethers. Organic Letters 2018, 20 (10) , 2911-2915. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00968
    76. Huiqiao Wang, Jinjin Zhang, Jiajing Tan, Lilan Xin, Yaping Li, Sheng Zhang, Kun Xu. Electrosynthesis of Trisubstituted 2-Oxazolines via Dehydrogenative Cyclization of β-Amino Arylketones. Organic Letters 2018, 20 (9) , 2505-2508. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00165
    77. Fan Xu, Yan-Jie Li, Chong Huang, Hai-Chao Xu. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Alkyne Annulation. ACS Catalysis 2018, 8 (5) , 3820-3824. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b00373
    78. Dian-Zhao Lin, Jing-Mei Huang. Electrochemical N-Formylation of Amines via Decarboxylation of Glyoxylic Acid. Organic Letters 2018, 20 (7) , 2112-2115. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00698
    79. Xinlong Gao, Pan Wang, Li Zeng, Shan Tang, Aiwen Lei. Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed Electrooxidative C–H Amination of Arenes with Alkylamines. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018, 140 (12) , 4195-4199. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b13049
    80. Lulu Wang, Hongji Li, Lei Wang. Iron-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Acyloxylation of Aryl-2H Azirines with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. Organic Letters 2018, 20 (6) , 1663-1666. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00442
    81. Hui Li, Christopher P. Breen, Hyowon Seo, Timothy F. Jamison, Yuan-Qing Fang, and Matthew M. Bio . Ni-Catalyzed Electrochemical Decarboxylative C–C Couplings in Batch and Continuous Flow. Organic Letters 2018, 20 (5) , 1338-1341. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00070
    82. Peng Xiong, He-Huan Xu, Jinshuai Song, and Hai-Chao Xu . Electrochemical Difluoromethylarylation of Alkynes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018, 140 (7) , 2460-2464. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b00391
    83. Yong Wu, Hong Yi, and Aiwen Lei . Electrochemical Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of N-Heterocycles Utilizing TEMPO as Organo-Electrocatalyst. ACS Catalysis 2018, 8 (2) , 1192-1196. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b04137
    84. Anuska Shrestha, Melissa Lee, Anna L. Dunn, and Melanie S. Sanford . Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Bond Acetoxylation via Electrochemical Oxidation. Organic Letters 2018, 20 (1) , 204-207. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03559
    85. Sheng Zhang, Lijun Li, Huiqiao Wang, Qian Li, Wenmin Liu, Kun Xu, and Chengchu Zeng . Scalable Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Lactonization of C(sp2/sp3)–H Bonds. Organic Letters 2018, 20 (1) , 252-255. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03617
    86. Nicolas Sauermann, Tjark H. Meyer, Cong Tian, and Lutz Ackermann . Electrochemical Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H Oxygenation at Room Temperature. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2017, 139 (51) , 18452-18455. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b11025
    87. Fan Xu, Xiang-Yang Qian, Yan-Jie Li, and Hai-Chao Xu . Synthesis of 4H-1,3-Benzoxazines via Metal- and Oxidizing Reagent-Free Aromatic C–H Oxygenation. Organic Letters 2017, 19 (23) , 6332-6335. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03152
    88. Dmitrii S. Bolotin, Nadezhda A. Bokach, Marina Ya. Demakova, and Vadim Yu. Kukushkin . Metal-Involving Synthesis and Reactions of Oximes. Chemical Reviews 2017, 117 (21) , 13039-13122. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00264
    89. Ming Yan, Yu Kawamata, and Phil S. Baran . Synthetic Organic Electrochemical Methods Since 2000: On the Verge of a Renaissance. Chemical Reviews 2017, 117 (21) , 13230-13319. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00397
    90. Qing-Qing Wang, Kun Xu, Yang-Ye Jiang, Yong-Guo Liu, Bao-Guo Sun, and Cheng-Chu Zeng . Electrocatalytic Minisci Acylation Reaction of N-Heteroarenes Mediated by NH4I. Organic Letters 2017, 19 (20) , 5517-5520. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02589
    91. Dnyaneshwar N. Garad and Santosh B. Mhaske . Diversification of Quinazolinones by Pd-Catalyzed C(sp3)-Acetoxylation. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017, 82 (19) , 10470-10478. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.7b01934
    92. Xia Wu, Xiao Geng, Peng Zhao, Yan-dong Wu, and An-xin Wu . Iodine-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling To Construct C–O Bonds for the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrooxepines. Organic Letters 2017, 19 (17) , 4584-4587. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02182
    93. Zhong-Wei Hou, Zhong-Yi Mao, Jinshuai Song, and Hai-Chao Xu . Electrochemical Synthesis of Polycyclic N-Heteroaromatics through Cascade Radical Cyclization of Diynes. ACS Catalysis 2017, 7 (9) , 5810-5813. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b02105
    94. Miki Konishi, Kazuya Tsuchida, Katsuya Sano, Takuya Kochi, and Fumitoshi Kakiuchi . Palladium-Catalyzed ortho-Selective C–H Chlorination of Benzamide Derivatives under Anodic Oxidation Conditions. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017, 82 (16) , 8716-8724. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.7b01137
    95. Yi-Qian Li, Qi-Liang Yang, Ping Fang, Tian-Sheng Mei, and Dayong Zhang . Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp2)–H Acetoxylation via Electrochemical Oxidation. Organic Letters 2017, 19 (11) , 2905-2908. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01138
    96. Zong-Xu Li, Sheng Tian, Qing Hu, Xin-Yi Huang, Hong-Yi Tan, Jun-Kang Guo, Shuang-Feng Yin. Enhanced electrocatalytic C H amination of toluene via tailored interfacial microenvironment. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2025, 680 , 578-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.192
    97. Shuwei Zhu, Yong Wang, Fumeng Yin, Yuqing Gu, Hongjun Zhu. Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselectivity C─H Oxidation of Aromatics Utilizing Removable Directing Group Strategy. ChemistrySelect 2025, 10 (1) https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202405019
    98. Kimia Zarean Mousaabadi, Hassan Hadadzadeh. Overview of Organometallic Electrochemistry. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2025, 26 , 123539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123539
    99. Sudipta Ponra, Ruzal Sitdikov, Alyssio Calis, Oscar Verho. Regioselective Palladaelectro‐Catalyzed Chlorination of Arenes in an Undivided Cell. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 2024, 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.202401298
    100. Huiqiao Wang, Guangwu Zhang, Kun Xu. Electrochemical C‐H Hydroxylation and Alkoxylation Reactions. ChemSusChem 2024, https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202402312
    Load more citations

    Journal of the American Chemical Society

    Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 8, 3293–3298
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b01232
    Published February 8, 2017
    Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

    Article Views

    17k

    Altmetric

    -

    Citations

    Learn about these metrics

    Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.

    Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

    The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.