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Structural Monitoring of the Onset of Excited-State Aromaticity in a Liquid Crystal Phase

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† Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
‡ Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
§ JST-PRESTO, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
∥ School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
⊥ Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
# Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
∇ Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
⊗ Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel 24119, Germany
■ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
▲ Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
□ Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
*[email protected]
*[email protected]
*[email protected]
*[email protected]
Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 44, 15792–15800
Publication Date (Web):October 16, 2017
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b08021
Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Aromaticity of photoexcited molecules is an important concept in organic chemistry. Its theory, Baird’s rule for triplet aromaticity since 1972 gives the rationale of photoinduced conformational changes and photochemical reactivities of cyclic π-conjugated systems. However, it is still challenging to monitor the dynamic structural change induced by the excited-state aromaticity, particularly in condensed materials. Here we report direct structural observation of a molecular motion and a subsequent packing deformation accompanied by the excited-state aromaticity. Photoactive liquid crystal (LC) molecules featuring a π-expanded cyclooctatetraene core unit are orientationally ordered but loosely packed in a columnar LC phase, and therefore a photoinduced conformational planarization by the excited-state aromaticity has been successfully observed by time-resolved electron diffractometry and vibrational spectroscopy. The structural change took place in the vicinity of excited molecules, producing a twisted stacking structure. A nanoscale torque driven by the excited-state aromaticity can be used as the working mechanism of new photoresponsive materials.

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08021.

  • Synthesis of π-COT: Figure S1, S2; Static characterization: Figure S3, S4, Table S1; Optical measurements: Figure S5–S9; Mid-IR vibrational spectroscopy: Figure S10–S15, Table S2, S3; Time-resolved electron diffraction: Figure S16–S18, Table S4–S7; Calculations: Figure S19–S34, Table S8–S25 (PDF)

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