Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Five-Fold Cascade Arylation of the 12-Vertex Monocarborane Anion by B–H Activation
- Furong LinFurong LinDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaMore by Furong Lin
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- Jing-Lu YuJing-Lu YuDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaMore by Jing-Lu Yu
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- Yunjun ShenYunjun ShenDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaMore by Yunjun Shen
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- Shuo-Qing ZhangShuo-Qing ZhangDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaMore by Shuo-Qing Zhang
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- Bernhard SpinglerBernhard SpinglerDepartment of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandMore by Bernhard Spingler
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- Jiyong LiuJiyong LiuDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaMore by Jiyong Liu
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- Xin Hong*Xin Hong*[email protected]Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaMore by Xin Hong
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- Simon Duttwyler*Simon Duttwyler*[email protected]Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaMore by Simon Duttwyler
Abstract

A series of cage penta-arylated carboranes have been synthesized by palladium-catalyzed intermolecular coupling of the C-carboxylic acid of the monocarba-closo-dodecaborate anion [CB11H12]− with iodoarenes by direct cage B–H bond functionalization. These transformations set a record in terms of one-pot directing group-mediated activation of inert bonds in a single molecule. The methodology is characterized by high yields, good functional group tolerance, and complete cage regioselectivity. The directing group COOH can be easily removed during or after the intermolecular coupling reaction. The mechanistic pathways were probed using density functional theory calculations. A Pd(II)–Pd(IV)–Pd(II) catalytic cycle is proposed, in which initial coupling is followed by preferred B–H activation of the adjacent boron vertex, and continuation of this selectivity results in a continuous walking process of the palladium center. The methodology opens a new avenue toward building blocks with 5-fold symmetry.
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