The GERG-2008 Wide-Range Equation of State for Natural Gases and Other Mixtures: An Expansion of GERG-2004
Abstract

A new equation of state for the thermodynamic properties of natural gases, similar gases, and other mixtures, the GERG-2008 equation of state, is presented in this work. This equation is an expanded version of the GERG-2004 equation. GERG-2008 is explicit in the Helmholtz free energy as a function of density, temperature, and composition. The equation is based on 21 natural gas components: methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, water, hydrogen sulfide, helium, and argon. Over the entire composition range, GERG-2008 covers the gas phase, liquid phase, supercritical region, and vapor–liquid equilibrium states for mixtures of these components. The normal range of validity of GERG-2008 includes temperatures from (90 to 450) K and pressures up to 35 MPa where the most accurate experimental data of the thermal and caloric properties are represented to within their accuracy. The extended validity range reaches from (60 to 700) K and up to 70 MPa. The given numerical information (including all of the sophisticated derivatives) enables the use of GERG-2008 for all of the various technical applications. Examples are processing, transportation through pipelines or by shipping, storage and liquefaction of natural gas, and processes to separate gas components. Comparisons with other equations of state, for example, AGA8-DC92 and Peng–Robinson equation (P-R), are also presented. GERG-2008 will be adopted as an ISO Standard (ISO 20765-2/3) for natural gases.
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- Mohamed A. Ben Souissi, Markus Richter, Xiaoxian Yang, Reiner Kleinrahm, and Roland Span . Vapor-Phase (p, ρ, T, x) Behavior and Virial Coefficients for the (Argon + Carbon Dioxide) System. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2017, 62 (1) , 362-369. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00687
- Martin Doubek and Vaclav Vacek . Speed of Sound Data in Pure Refrigerants R-116 and R-218 and Their Mixtures: Experiment and Modeling. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (12) , 4046-4056. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00536
- Shu Yang, Andrew J. Schultz, and David A. Kofke . Thermodynamic Properties of Supercritical CO2/CH4 Mixtures from the Virial Equation of State. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (12) , 4296-4312. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00702
- Ian H. Bell and Eric W. Lemmon . Automatic Fitting of Binary Interaction Parameters for Multi-fluid Helmholtz-Energy-Explicit Mixture Models. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (11) , 3752-3760. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00257
- Ahmed El Hawary and Karsten Meier . Measurements of the Speed of Sound in Liquid n-Butane. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (11) , 3858-3867. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00577
- Karsten Meier and Stephan Kabelac . Speed-of-Sound Measurements in Compressed Nitrogen and Dry Air. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (11) , 3941-3951. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00720
- Xiaoxian Yang, Markus Richter, Mohamed A. Ben Souissi, Reiner Kleinrahm, and Roland Span . Vapor-Phase (p, ρ, T, x) Behavior and Virial Coefficients for the Binary Mixture (0.05 Argon + 0.95 Carbon Dioxide) over the Temperature Range from (273.15 to 323.15) K with Pressures up to 9 MPa. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (8) , 2676-2681. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00120
- Armand Karimi, Thomas J. Hughes, Markus Richter, and Eric F. May . Density Measurements of Methane + Propane Mixtures at Temperatures between (256 and 422) K and Pressures from (24 to 35) MPa. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (8) , 2782-2790. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00131
- Andrea Tibaduiza, Diego E. Cristancho†, Hugo Acosta Ramirez, Diego Ortiz, James C. Holste, and Kenneth R. Hall . Accurate p–ρ–T Data for a Synthetic Residual Natural Gas Mixture (0.95 CH4 + 0.04 C2H6 + 0.01 C3H8) at Temperatures between (135 and 500) K at Pressures to 200 MPa. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (8) , 2771-2781. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00137
- Martin A. Gomez-Osorio, Robert A. Browne, Mauricio Carvajal Diaz, Kenneth R. Hall, and James C. Holste . Density Measurements for Ethane, Carbon Dioxide, and Methane + Nitrogen Mixtures from 300 to 470 K up to 137 MPa Using a Vibrating Tube Densimeter. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (8) , 2791-2798. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00138
- Elisabeth Mansfield, Ian H. Bell, and Stephanie L. Outcalt . Bubble-Point Measurements of n-Propane + n-Decane Binary Mixtures with Comparisons of Binary Mixture Interaction Parameters for Linear Alkanes. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (7) , 2573-2579. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00258
- Yajun Li, Canteng Gong, and Yue Li . Application of Highly Accurate Phase-Equilibrium Models for CO2 Freezing Prediction of Natural Gas System. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2016, 55 (19) , 5780-5787. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00339
- Connor E. Deering, Matthew J. Saunders, Jerry A. Commodore, and Robert A. Marriott . The Volumetric Properties of Carbonyl Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide Mixtures from T = 322 to 393 K and p = 2.5 to 35 MPa: Application to COS Hydrolysis in Subsurface Injectate Streams. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (3) , 1341-1347. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b01061
- Junwei Cui, Shengshan Bi, Xianyang Meng, and Jiangtao Wu . Surface Tension and Liquid Viscosity of R32+R1234yf and R32+R1234ze. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2016, 61 (2) , 950-957. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00798
- Eric F. May, Jerry Y. Guo, Jordan H. Oakley, Thomas J. Hughes, Brendan F. Graham, Kenneth N. Marsh, and Stanley H. Huang . Reference Quality Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Binary Systems Methane + Ethane, + Propane, + Butane, and + 2-Methylpropane, at Temperatures from (203 to 273) K and Pressures to 9 MPa. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2015, 60 (12) , 3606-3620. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00610
- Clayton R. Locke, Dan Fang, Paul L. Stanwix, Thomas J. Hughes, Gongkui Xiao, Michael L. Johns, Anthony R. H. Goodwin, Kenneth N. Marsh, and Eric F. May . Viscosity and Dew Point Measurements of {xCH4 + (1 – x)C4H10} for x = 0.9484 with a Vibrating-Wire Viscometer. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2015, 60 (12) , 3688-3695. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00635
- Sebastian Herrmann and Eckhard Vogel . Viscosity and Density of Normal Butane Simultaneously Measured at Temperatures from (298 to 448) K and at Pressures up to 30 MPa Incorporating the Near-Critical Region. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2015, 60 (12) , 3703-3720. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00654
- Xiaoxian Yang, Zhe Wang, and Zheng Li . Accurate Density Measurements on Ternary Mixtures (Carbon Dioxide + Nitrogen + Argon) at Temperatures from (323.15 to 423.15) K with Pressures from (3 to 31) MPa using a Single-Sinker Densimeter. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2015, 60 (11) , 3353-3357. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00625
- Elisabeth Mansfield and Stephanie L. Outcalt . Bubble-Point Measurements of n-Butane + n-Octane and n-Butane + n-Nonane Binary Mixtures. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2015, 60 (8) , 2447-2453. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00308