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Characterization of Aloeride, a New High-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharide from Aloe vera with Potent Immunostimulatory Activity
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    Characterization of Aloeride, a New High-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharide from Aloe vera with Potent Immunostimulatory Activity
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    Department of Pharmacognosy, National Center for Natural Products Research and Department of Pharmaceutics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 2, 1030–1034
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001036d
    Published December 23, 2000
    Copyright © 2001 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    We have characterized a new immunostimulatory polysaccharide called Aloeride from commercial aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) juice. Aloeride is between 4 and 7 million Da, and its glycosyl components include glucose (37.2%), galactose (23.9%), mannose (19.5%), and arabinose (10.3%). At 0.5 μg/mL Aloeride increased NF-kappa B directed luciferase expression in THP-1 human monocytic cells to levels 50% of those achieved by maximal concentrations (10 μg/mL) of LPS. Aloeride induced the expression of the mRNAs encoding IL-1β and TNF-α to levels equal to those observed in cells maximally activated by LPS. Acemannan, the major carbohydrate component from aloe, used at 200 μg/mL in the macrophage assay resulted in negligible NF-kappa B activation. Analysis of acemannan and Aloeride using size-exclusion chromatography suggests that the low activity of acemannan is due to trace amounts of Aloeride. Although Aloeride comprises only 0.015% of the aloe juice dry weight, its potency for macrophage activation accounts fully for the activity of the crude juice.

    Keywords: Polysaccharide; aloe vera; immunostimulatory; nuclear factor kappa B; THP-1 human monocytic cells; acemannan; macrophage

    Copyright © 2001 American Chemical Society

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     Department of Pharmacognosy.

     National Center for Natural Products Research.

    §

     Department of Pharmaceutics.

    *

     To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone:662-915-7130. Fax:662-915-7062. E-mail:  [email protected].

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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 2, 1030–1034
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001036d
    Published December 23, 2000
    Copyright © 2001 American Chemical Society

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