ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Publications
CONTENT TYPES

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 8, 3441-3453
RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXT

T-2 Toxin, a Trichothecene Mycotoxin: Review of Toxicity, Metabolism, and Analytical Methods

View Author Information
† Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, People’s Republic of China
‡ Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845-4988, United States
§ Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
*Phone: +86-10-6273-1201. Fax: +86-10-6273-1032. E-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 8, 3441–3453
Publication Date (Web):March 18, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf200767q
Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society
Request reuse permissions

    Article Views

    4477

    Altmetric

    -

    Citations

    250
    LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICS
    Read OnlinePDF (1 MB)
    Get e-Alerts
    SUBJECTS:

    Abstract

    This review focuses on the toxicity and metabolism of T-2 toxin and analytical methods used for the determination of T-2 toxin. Among the naturally occurring trichothecenes in food and feed, T-2 toxin is a cytotoxic fungal secondary metabolite produced by various species of Fusarium. Following ingestion, T-2 toxin causes acute and chronic toxicity and induces apoptosis in the immune system and fetal tissues. T-2 toxin is usually metabolized and eliminated after ingestion, yielding more than 20 metabolites. Consequently, there is a possibility of human consumption of animal products contaminated with T-2 toxin and its metabolites. Several methods for the determination of T-2 toxin based on traditional chromatographic, immunoassay, or mass spectroscopy techniques are described. This review will contribute to a better understanding of T-2 toxin exposure in animals and humans and T-2 toxin metabolism, toxicity, and analytical methods, which may be useful in risk assessment and control of T-2 toxin exposure.

    KEYWORDS:

    Cited By

    This article is cited by 250 publications.

    1. Ming-Hang Yu, Yun-Qi Feng, Yue-Hong Pang, Cheng Yang, Xiao-Fang Shen. Electrochemical Degradation and Toxicity Evaluation of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat Grains. ACS Food Science & Technology 2023, 3 (1) , 224-230. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.2c00389
    2. Xu Yang, Pengli Liu, Yilong Cui, Miao Song, Xuliang Zhang, Cong Zhang, Yibao Jiang, Yanfei Li. T-2 Toxin Caused Mice Testicular Inflammation Injury via ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2022, 70 (43) , 14043-14051. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05317
    3. Xuliang Zhang, Bo Li, Siming Huo, Jiayu Du, Jian Zhang, Miao Song, Yilong Cui, Yanfei Li. T-2 Toxin Induces Kidney Fibrosis via the mtROS-NLRP3-Wnt/β-Catenin Axis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2022, 70 (42) , 13765-13777. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05816
    4. Xu Yang, Pengli Liu, Yilong Cui, Bonan Xiao, Menglin Liu, Miao Song, Wanyue Huang, Yanfei Li. Review of the Reproductive Toxicity of T-2 Toxin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020, 68 (3) , 727-734. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07880
    5. Nikhil Maroli, Naveen Kumar Kalagatur, Balu Bhasuran, Achuth Jayakrishnan, Renuka Ramalingam Manoharan, Ponmalai Kolandaivel, Jeyakumar Natarajan, Krishna Kadirvelu. Molecular Mechanism of T-2 Toxin-Induced Cerebral Edema by Aquaporin-4 Blocking and Permeation. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 2019, 59 (11) , 4942-4958. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00711
    6. Nikhil Maroli, Achuth Jayakrishnan, Renuka Ramalingam Manoharan, Ponmalai Kolandaivel, Kadirvelu Krishna. Combined Inhibitory Effects of Citrinin, Ochratoxin-A, and T-2 Toxin on Aquaporin-2. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2019, 123 (27) , 5755-5768. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03829
    7. Saranyoo Klaiklay, Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, Saowanit Saithong, Souwalak Phongpaichit, Jariya Sakayaroj. Trichothecenes from a Soil-Derived Trichoderma brevicompactum. Journal of Natural Products 2019, 82 (4) , 687-693. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00205
    8. Dongping Zeng, Zhoumeng Lin, Zhenling Zeng, Binghu Fang, Miao Li, Yi-Hsien Cheng, Yongxue Sun. Assessing Global Human Exposure to T-2 Toxin via Poultry Meat Consumption Using a Lifetime Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2019, 67 (5) , 1563-1571. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07133
    9. Victor Limay-Rios, Arthur W. Schaafsma. Effect of Prothioconazole Application Timing on Fusarium Mycotoxin Content in Maize Grain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2018, 66 (19) , 4809-4819. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00788
    10. Xiya Zhang, Xuezhi Yu, Kai Wen, Chenglong Li, Ghulam Mujtaba Mari, Haiyang Jiang, Weimin Shi, Jianzhong Shen, and Zhanhui Wang . Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunoassays Based on Amorphous Carbon Nanoparticles for Detecting Three Fusarium Mycotoxins in Maize. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2017, 65 (36) , 8063-8071. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02827
    11. Shupeng Yang, Marthe De Boevre, Huiyan Zhang, Karl De Ruyck, Feifei Sun, Jinzhen Zhang, Yue Jin, Yanshen Li, Zhanhui Wang, Suxia Zhang, Jinhui Zhou, Yi Li, and Sarah De Saeger . Metabolism of T-2 Toxin in Farm Animals and Human In Vitro and in Chickens In Vivo Using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography- Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Hybrid Mass Spectrometry Along with Online Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Technique. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2017, 65 (33) , 7217-7227. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02575
    12. Seung Mok Ryu, Hae Min Lee, Eun Gyeong Song, Young Hye Seo, Jun Lee, Yuanqiang Guo, Beom Seok Kim, Jae-Jin Kim, Jin Sung Hong, Ki Hyun Ryu, and Dongho Lee . Antiviral Activities of Trichothecenes Isolated from Trichoderma albolutescens against Pepper Mottle Virus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2017, 65 (21) , 4273-4279. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01028
    13. Qianfen Wan, Qinghua He, Xianbai Deng, Fuhua Hao, Huiru Tang, and Yulan Wang . Systemic Metabolic Responses of Broiler Chickens and Piglets to Acute T-2 Toxin Intravenous Exposure. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2016, 64 (3) , 714-723. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05076
    14. Shupeng Yang, Ying Wang, Ross C. Beier, Huiyan Zhang, Karl De Ruyck, Feifei Sun, Xingyuan Cao, Jianzhong Shen, Suxia Zhang, and Zhanhui Wang . Simultaneous Determination of Type A and B Trichothecenes and Their Main Metabolites in Food Animal Tissues by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2015, 63 (38) , 8592-8600. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03281
    15. Xiujuan Chen, Yukun Huang, Nuo Duan, Shijia Wu, Yu Xia, Xiaoyuan Ma, Changqing Zhu, Yuan Jiang, and Zhouping Wang . Screening and Identification of DNA Aptamers against T-2 Toxin Assisted by Graphene Oxide. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2014, 62 (42) , 10368-10374. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf5032058
    16. Frank Surup, Ajda Medjedović, Michael Szczygielski, Hans-Josef Schroers, and Marc Stadler . Production of Trichothecenes by the Apple Sooty Blotch Fungus Microcyclospora tardicrescens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2014, 62 (16) , 3525-3530. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf500153d
    17. Yanshen Li, Xiangshu Luo, Shupeng Yang, Xingyuan Cao, Zhanhui Wang, Weimin Shi, and Suxia Zhang . High Specific Monoclonal Antibody Production and Development of an ELISA Method for Monitoring T-2 Toxin in Rice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2014, 62 (7) , 1492-1497. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf404818r
    18. Shupeng Yang, Yanshen Li, Xingyuan Cao, Dingfei Hu, Zhanhui Wang, Ying Wang, Jianzhong Shen, and Suxia Zhang . Metabolic Pathways of T-2 Toxin in in Vivo and in Vitro Systems of Wistar Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2013, 61 (40) , 9734-9743. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4012054
    19. Huali Xue, Yang Bi, Jinmei Wei, Yamei Tang, Ying Zhao, and Yi Wang . New Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Types A and B Trichothecenes by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Potato Tubers Inoculated with Fusarium sulphureum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2013, 61 (39) , 9333-9338. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf402997t
    20. Maria Weidner, Marlies Lenczyk, Gerald Schwerdt, Michael Gekle, and Hans-Ulrich Humpf . Neurotoxic Potential and Cellular Uptake of T-2 Toxin in Human Astrocytes in Primary Culture. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2013, 26 (3) , 347-355. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx3004664
    21. Tanja Welsch and Hans-Ulrich Humpf . HT-2 Toxin 4-Glucuronide as New T-2 Toxin Metabolite: Enzymatic Synthesis, Analysis, and Species Specific Formation of T-2 and HT-2 Toxin Glucuronides by Rat, Mouse, Pig, and Human Liver Microsomes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60 (40) , 10170-10178. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf302571y
    22. Zheng Han, Yiping Ren, Junfeng Zhu, Zengxuan Cai, Yong Chen, Lianjun Luan, and Yongjiang Wu . Multianalysis of 35 Mycotoxins in Traditional Chinese Medicines by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Accelerated Solvent Extraction. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60 (33) , 8233-8247. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf301928r
    23. Maria Weidner, Tanja Welsch, Florian Hübner, Gerald Schwerdt, Michael Gekle, and Hans-Ulrich Humpf . Identification and Apoptotic Potential of T-2 Toxin Metabolites in Human Cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60 (22) , 5676-5684. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf300634k
    24. Frederick Fung. T-2 Toxin (Trichothecene Mycotoxins) Attack. 2024, 834-836. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-80932-0.00151-8
    25. Xianrui Chen, Zhipeng Gao, Tingting Long, Jianhua Xie, Xiujiang Li, Zhibing Huang. Development of two immunochromatographic test strips based on signal amplification and selenium nanoparticles for the rapid detection of T-2 mycotoxin. Food Chemistry 2023, 424 , 136419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136419
    26. Ting-Yu Huang, Wen-Xi Song, You-Shuang Wang, Yu Liu, Feng-Juan Chen, Yun-He Chen, Yi-Bao Jiang, Cong Zhang, Xu Yang. A review of anorexia induced by T-2 toxin. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2023, 179 , 113982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2023.113982
    27. Daohong Zhang, Deepak Kukkar, Harsimran Kaur, Ki-Hyun Kim. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of single-atom nanozymes in food safety monitoring. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 2023, 319 , 102968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2023.102968
    28. Fengjuan Chen, Youshuang Wang, Yunhe Chen, Jiayan Fan, Cong Zhang, Xiuyuan He, Xu Yang. JNK molecule is a toxic target for IPEC-J2 cell barrier damage induced by T-2 toxin. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2023, 263 , 115247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115247
    29. Fangfang Yu, Kangting Luo, Miao Wang, Jincai Luo, Lei Sun, Shuiyuan Yu, Juan Zuo, Yanjie Wang. Selenomethionine Antagonized microRNAs Involved in Apoptosis of Rat Articular Cartilage Induced by T-2 Toxin. Toxins 2023, 15 (8) , 496. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080496
    30. Shuai Xiao, Yingxin Wu, Suisui Gao, Mingxia Zhou, Zhiwei Liu, Qianbo Xiong, Lihuang Jiang, Guoxiang Yuan, Linfeng Li, Lingchen Yang. Deciphering the Hazardous Effects of AFB1 and T-2 Toxins: Unveiling Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in PK15 Cells and Mouse Kidneys. Toxins 2023, 15 (8) , 503. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080503
    31. Y. Jiang, Y. Qian, H. Hong, X. Gao, W. Liu, Q. Jin, M. Chen, Z. Jin, Q. Liu, Z. Wei. Morin protects chicks with T-2 toxin poisoning by decreasing heterophil extracellular traps, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. British Poultry Science 2023, 19 , 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2023.2226083
    32. Yifan Wu, Yi Gong, Yanli Liu, Feihong Chen, Sijie Chen, Feiyu Zhang, Chaowei Wang, Shujin Li, Minhan Hu, Ruitian Huang, Xiong Guo, Xi Wang, Yujie Ning, Lei Yang. Comparative Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Chondrocytes from Rats Exposed to Low Selenium and T-2 Toxin. Biological Trace Element Research 2023, 50 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03725-w
    33. Viorica Maria Corbu, Irina Gheorghe-Barbu, Andreea Ștefania Dumbravă, Corneliu Ovidiu Vrâncianu, Tatiana Eugenia Șesan. Current Insights in Fungal Importance—A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2023, 11 (6) , 1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061384
    34. Maryam H. Al-Zahrani, Maha J. Balgoon, Nagwa M. El-Sawi, Fawzia A. Alshubaily, Ebtihaj J. Jambi, Sohair M. Khojah, Raghad S. Baljoon, Nuha A. Alkhattabi, Lina A. Baz, Asmaa A. Alharbi, Amira M. Ahmed, Ayat M. Abo elkhair, Mohamed Ismael, Sahar M. Gebril. A biochemical, theoretical and immunohistochemical study comparing the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin and taurine on T-2 toxin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2023, 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1172403
    35. Wenli Ding, Luxi Lin, Ke Yue, Yanfeng He, Bowen Xu, Aftab Shaukat, Shucheng Huang. Ferroptosis as a Potential Therapeutic Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mycotoxicosis: A Review. Toxics 2023, 11 (4) , 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040395
    36. Meng Liu, Ling Zhao, Jin-Tao Wei, Yu-Xuan Huang, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil, Wen-Da Wu, Kamil Kuča, Lv-Hui Sun. T-2 toxin-induced intestinal damage with dysregulation of metabolism, redox homeostasis, inflammation, and apoptosis in chicks. Archives of Toxicology 2023, 97 (3) , 805-817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03445-z
    37. Mark Makarov, Eduard Korkotian. Differential Role of Active Compounds in Mitophagy and Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Toxins 2023, 15 (3) , 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030202
    38. Lirui Fan, Bin Du, Fubin Pei, Wei Hu, Aijiao Guo, Zihao Xie, Bing Liu, Zhaoyang Tong, Xihui Mu, Wenyuan Tan. Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Core-Shell Fe3O4@SiO2@Au Nanoparticles Amplification Effect for Detection of T-2 Toxin. Sensors 2023, 23 (6) , 3078. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063078
    39. Xu Yang, Wenxi Song, Kefei Zhang, Youshuang Wang, Fengjuan Chen, Yunhe Chen, Tingyu Huang, Yibao Jiang, Xuebing Wang, Cong Zhang. p38 mediates T-2 toxin-induced Leydig cell testosterone synthesis disorder. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2023, 253 , 114695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114695
    40. Asma Ghasemi, , Mohammad Reza Mehrasbi, , Mir Jamal Hosseini, . Mycotoxins Contamination in Tea and Herbal Infusion: A Mini-Review. Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion 2023, 9 (1) , 5-11. https://doi.org/10.52547/jhehp.9.1.5
    41. Lenar Rashidovich Valiullin, Leysan Maratovna Timerbulatova, Vladislav Ivanovich Egorov, Fannur Rafkhatovich Zaripov, Ivan Sergeevich Raginov, Aleksey Anatolevich Nabatov. Use of bovine spermatozoa as a rapid test for mitochondrial toxicity of T-2-toxin and deltamethrin. Toxicological Review 2023, 31 (1) , 47-53. https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-1-47-53
    42. Panagiotis Stefanopoulos, Stavros Aloizos, Maria Tsironi. Clinical symptoms of chemical warfare agents toxicity including mustards, halogenated oximes, arsenicals, and toxins poisoning. 2023, 431-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90553-4.00029-9
    43. Vahid Pourbarkhordar, Mahdi Balali-Mood, Leila Etemad, Mohammad Moshiri. Blister agents. 2023https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824315-2.00583-2
    44. Wang Gu, Qiang Bao, Kaiqi Weng, Jinlu Liu, Shuwen Luo, Jianzhou Chen, Zheng Li, Zhengfeng Cao, Yu Zhang, Yang Zhang, Guohong Chen, Qi Xu. Effects of T-2 toxin on growth performance, feather quality, tibia development and blood parameters in Yangzhou goslings. Poultry Science 2022, 137 , 102382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.102382
    45. Long Wang, Xia Lu, Renyong Zhao, Zhenxi Qu, Baoshan He. FeMOF-based nanostructured platforms for T-2 toxin detection in beer by a “fence-type” aptasensing principle. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2022, 414 (28) , 7999-8008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04330-x
    46. Jian Zhang, Peiyan Wang, Miao Song, Xuliang Zhang, Siming Huo, Jiayu Du, Bo Li, Zheng Cao, Yanfei Li. T-2 toxin inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization involving mutual regulation between Wnt signaling pathway and autophagy. Chemico-Biological Interactions 2022, 814 , 110266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110266
    47. Xinyu Sun, Yongli Ye, Jiadi Sun, Lili Tang, Xingxing Yang, Xiulan Sun. Advances in the study of liver microsomes in the in vitro metabolism and toxicity evaluation of foodborne contaminants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2022, , 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2131728
    48. Minh Van Nguyen, Jae Woo Han, Hun Kim, Gyung Ja Choi. Curvicollide D, a new modified γ-lactone from the culture broth of Albifimbria verrucaria and its antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi. The Journal of Antibiotics 2022, 75 (9) , 514-518. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-022-00541-7
    49. Chongshan Dai, Subhajit Das Gupta, Zhanhui Wang, Haiyang Jiang, Tony Velkov, Jianzhong Shen. T-2 toxin and its cardiotoxicity: New insights on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2022, 167 , 113262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.113262
    50. , Dieter Schrenk, Margherita Bignami, Laurent Bodin, James Kevin Chipman, Jesús del Mazo, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp, Christer Hogstrand, Jean‐Charles Leblanc, Elsa Nielsen, Evangelia Ntzani, Annette Petersen, Salomon Sand, Tanja Schwerdtle, Christiane Vleminckx, Heather Wallace, Sven Daenicke, Carlo Stefano Nebbia, Isabelle P Oswald, Elena Rovesti, Hans Steinkellner, Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom. Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of T‐2 and HT‐2 toxin for ruminants. EFSA Journal 2022, 20 (9) https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7564
    51. Zacharia Waithaka Ng’ang’a, Eric Niyonshuti. Animal Feeds Mycotoxins and Risk Management. 2022https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102010
    52. Yumeng Jia, Sirong Shi, Bolun Cheng, Shiqiang Cheng, Li Liu, Peilin Meng, Xuena Yang, Xiaoge Chu, Yan Wen, Feng Zhang, Xiong Guo. Fluorine impairs carboxylesterase 1-mediated hydrolysis of T-2 toxin and increases its chondrocyte toxicity. Frontiers in Nutrition 2022, 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.935112
    53. Tun Sun, Qinzhi Zhang, Meng Li, Shusheng Tang, Chongshan Dai. T-2 Toxin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Protective Autophagy in Mouse Microglia BV2 Cells. Journal of Fungi 2022, 8 (8) , 761. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080761
    54. Jingsheng Yu, Wenjuan Zhang, Yujie Dao, Meihua Yang, Xiaohui Pang. Characterization of the Fungal Community in Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus through DNA Metabarcoding. Journal of Fungi 2022, 8 (8) , 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080876
    55. Jie Zhang, Xuerun Liu, Ying Su, Tushuai Li. An update on T2-toxins: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism and human assessment exposure of intestinal microbiota. Heliyon 2022, 8 (8) , e10012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10012
    56. Cheila Pereira, Sara C. Cunha, José O. Fernandes. Mycotoxins of Concern in Children and Infant Cereal Food at European Level: Incidence and Bioaccessibility. Toxins 2022, 14 (7) , 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070488
    57. Jian Zhang, Miao Song, Yilong Cui, Bing Shao, Xuliang Zhang, Zheng Cao, Yanfei Li. T‐2 toxin‐induced femur lesion is accompanied by autophagy and apoptosis associated with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in mice. Environmental Toxicology 2022, 37 (7) , 1653-1661. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23514
    58. Lyudmila Sergeyevna Kocheva, Anatoliy Petrovich Karmanov, Alʹbert Vladimirovich Kanarskiy, Zosia Albertovna Kanarskaya, Eduard Ilʹyasovich Semenov, Nikolay Ivanovich Bogdanovich. DIATOMITES AND LIGNINS AS MYCOTOXIN ADSORBENTS. chemistry of plant raw material 2022, (2) , 73-84. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20220210730
    59. Xuliang Zhang, Jiayu Du, Bo Li, Siming Huo, Jian Zhang, Yilong Cui, Miao Song, Bing Shao, Yanfei Li. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy mitigates T-2 toxin-induced nephrotoxicity. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2022, 164 , 113078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.113078
    60. Debasish Kumar Dey, Ji In Kang, Vivek K. Bajpai, Kwanwoo Kim, Hoomin Lee, Sonam Sonwal, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Jianbo Xiao, Sajad Ali, Yun Suk Huh, Yong-Kyu Han, Shruti Shukla. Mycotoxins in food and feed: toxicity, preventive challenges, and advanced detection techniques for associated diseases. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2022, 1 , 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2059650
    61. Rastislav Boško, Marek Pernica, Sylvie Běláková, Marie Bjelková, Helena Pluháčková. Determination of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Seed of Milk Thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] Using Immunoaffinity Column by UPLC-MS/MS. Toxins 2022, 14 (4) , 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14040258
    62. Lena Marie Juraschek, Arne Kappenberg, Wulf Amelung. Mycotoxins in soil and environment. Science of The Total Environment 2022, 814 , 152425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152425
    63. Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan, Samet Şahin, Zafer Üstündağ. Detection Strategies of Zearalenone for Food Safety: A Review. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2022, 52 (2) , 294-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2020.1797468
    64. Kuankuan Xiong, Lei Tan, Siliang Yi, Yingxin Wu, Yi Hu, Aibing Wang, Lingchen Yang. Low-Concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells. Toxins 2022, 14 (2) , 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020121
    65. Jingru Xu, Zhihui Zhao, Wenbo Guo, Aru Ling, Jianhua Wang, Xichun Wang, Junhua Yang. Potential Role of Individual and Combined Effects of T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin and Neosolaniol on the Apoptosis of Porcine Leydig Cells. Toxins 2022, 14 (2) , 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020145
    66. Ying Zhang, Zhengzheng Li, Ying He, Meng Zhang, Yiping Feng, Qian Fang, Tianyou Ma, Xianghua Deng, Jinghong Chen. Transforming growth factor-β receptors mediates matrix degradation and abnormal hypertrophy in T-2 toxin-induced hypertrophic chondrocytes. Toxicon 2022, 207 , 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.01.002
    67. Alix Pierron, Manon Neves, Sylvie Puel, Yannick Lippi, Laura Soler, J. David Miller, Isabelle P. Oswald. Intestinal toxicity of the new type A trichothecenes, NX and 3ANX. Chemosphere 2022, 288 , 132415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132415
    68. Xuliang Zhang, Qi Wang, Jian Zhang, Miao Song, Bing Shao, Yanfei Han, Xu Yang, Yanfei Li. The Protective Effect of Selenium on T-2-Induced Nephrotoxicity Is Related to the Inhibition of ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in Mice Kidney. Biological Trace Element Research 2022, 200 (1) , 206-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02614-4
    69. Walter Ondiek, Yaling Wang, Lijun Sun, Langhua Zhou, Stephen LW On, Haotian Zheng, Gooneratne Ravi. Removal of aflatoxin b1 and t-2 toxin by bacteria isolated from commercially available probiotic dairy foods. Food Science and Technology International 2022, 28 (1) , 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013220987916
    70. Ying Zhang, Zhengzheng Li, Ying He, Yinan Liu, Ge Mi, Jinghong Chen. T-2 toxin induces articular cartilage damage by increasing the expression of MMP-13 via the TGF-β receptor pathway. Human & Experimental Toxicology 2022, 41 , 096032712210755. https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271221075555
    71. Yumei Liu, Haojie Wang, Mengyu Zhang, Jiajia Wang, Zhixiang Zhang, Yuqin Wang, Yingying Sun, Ziqiang Zhang. Protective effect of selenomethionine on T-2 toxin-induced liver injury in New Zealand rabbits. BMC Veterinary Research 2021, 17 (1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02866-1
    72. Xu Yang, Pengli Liu, Xuliang Zhang, Jian Zhang, Yilong Cui, Miao Song, Yanfei Li. T-2 toxin causes dysfunction of Sertoli cells by inducing oxidative stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 225 , 112702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112702
    73. Xinliu Tan, Weidao Yu, Yuwen Wang, Ping Song, Qing Xu, Dengming Ming, Yaqiong Yang. A switchable and signal-amplified aptasensor based on metal organic frameworks as the quencher for turn-on detection of T-2 mycotoxin. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2021, 413 (26) , 6595-6603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03625-9
    74. Adam Pierzgalski, Marcin Bryła, Joanna Kanabus, Marta Modrzewska, Grażyna Podolska. Updated Review of the Toxicity of Selected Fusarium Toxins and Their Modified Forms. Toxins 2021, 13 (11) , 768. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110768
    75. Edyta Janik, Marcin Niemcewicz, Marcin Podogrocki, Michal Ceremuga, Maksymilian Stela, Michal Bijak. T-2 Toxin—The Most Toxic Trichothecene Mycotoxin: Metabolism, Toxicity, and Decontamination Strategies. Molecules 2021, 26 (22) , 6868. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226868
    76. Xiaowen Li, Xianglin Wang, Sha Liu, Ji Wang, XiangYan Liu, Yuanyuan Zhu, Linyu Zhang, Rongfang Li. Betulinic acid attenuates T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity in porcine kidney cells by blocking oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 2021, 249 , 109124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109124
    77. Chi Zhang, Chengmei Jiang, Lingyi Lan, Jianfeng Ping, Zunzhong Ye, Yibin Ying. Nanomaterial-based biosensors for agro-product safety. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2021, 143 , 116369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2021.116369
    78. Ko-Hua Tso, Chompunut Lumsangkul, Min-Chien Cheng, Jyh-Cherng Ju, Yang-Kwang Fan, Hsin-I Chiang. Differential Effects of Green Tea Powders on the Protection of Brown Tsaiya and Kaiya Ducklings against Trichothecene T-2 Toxin Toxicity. Animals 2021, 11 (9) , 2541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092541
    79. Li You, Xu Wang, Wenda Wu, Vesna Jaćević, Eugenie Nepovimova, Qinghua Wu, Kamil Kuca. Hypothesis: Long non-coding RNA is a potential target of mycotoxins. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2021, 155 , 112397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112397
    80. Xiaoxuan Chen, Peiqiang Mu, Lang Zhu, Xiaoxiao Mao, Shuang Chen, Huali Zhong, Yiqun Deng. T-2 Toxin Induces Oxidative Stress at Low Doses via Atf3ΔZip2a/2b-Mediated Ubiquitination and Degradation of Nrf2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22 (15) , 7936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157936
    81. Rubina Tünde Szabó, Mária Kovács-Weber, Krisztián Milán Balogh, Miklós Mézes, Balázs Kovács. Changes of DNA Damage Effect of T-2 or Deoxynivalenol Toxins during Three Weeks Exposure in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Revealed by LORD-Q PCR. Toxins 2021, 13 (8) , 576. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080576
    82. Nan Hao, Yu Qiu, Yaqi Li, Jinwen Lu, Xu Han, Jing Qian, Kun Wang. Closed bipolar electrode based fluorescence visualization biosensor for anti-interference detection of T-2 toxin. Chemical Communications 2021, 57 (53) , 6511-6513. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CC02588K
    83. Sara Shahba, Jalil Mehrzad, Amir Mohammad Malvandi. Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28 (25) , 32156-32176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14146-4
    84. Prabodh Chander Sharma, Diksha Sharma, Archana Sharma, Madhulika Bhagat, Monika Ola, Vijay Kumar Thakur, Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj, Ramesh K. Goyal. Recent advances in microbial toxin-related strategies to combat cancer. Seminars in Cancer Biology 2021, 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.007
    85. Chinaza Godswill Awuchi, Erick Nyakundi Ondari, Chukwuka U. Ogbonna, Anjani K. Upadhyay, Katarzyna Baran, Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala, Małgorzata Korzeniowska, Raquel P. F. Guiné. Mycotoxins Affecting Animals, Foods, Humans, and Plants: Types, Occurrence, Toxicities, Action Mechanisms, Prevention, and Detoxification Strategies—A Revisit. Foods 2021, 10 (6) , 1279. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061279
    86. Paraskevi Koletsi, Johan W. Schrama, Elisabeth A. M. Graat, Geert F. Wiegertjes, Philip Lyons, Constanze Pietsch. The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review. Toxins 2021, 13 (6) , 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060403
    87. Wenwei Zhang, Yanling Wang, Mina Nan, Yongcai Li, Jianmin Yun, Yi Wang, Yang Bi. Novel colorimetric aptasensor based on unmodified gold nanoparticle and ssDNA for rapid and sensitive detection of T-2 toxin. Food Chemistry 2021, 348 , 129128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129128
    88. Xudong Zhao, Yu Wang, Jingzhi Li, Bingyang Huo, Hui Huang, Jialei Bai, Yuan Peng, Shuang Li, Dianpeng Han, Shuyue Ren, Jiang Wang, Zhixian Gao. A fluorescence aptasensor for the sensitive detection of T-2 toxin based on FRET by adjusting the surface electric potentials of UCNPs and MIL-101. Analytica Chimica Acta 2021, 1160 , 338450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2021.338450
    89. Judit Mercédesz Pomothy, Katrina Gatt, Ákos Jerzsele, Erzsébet Pászti Gere. The impact of quercetin on a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line exposed to deoxynivalenol. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 2021, 68 (4) , 380-386. https://doi.org/10.1556/004.2020.00052
    90. Licia Pantano, Ladislao La Scala, Francesco Olibrio, Francesco Giuseppe Galluzzo, Carmelo Bongiorno, Maria Drussilla Buscemi, Andrea Macaluso, Antonio Vella. QuEChERS LC–MS/MS Screening Method for Mycotoxin Detection in Cereal Products and Spices. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18 (7) , 3774. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073774
    91. John E. McLaughlin, Noura I. Darwish, Jeffrey Garcia-Sanchez, Neerja Tyagi, Harold N. Trick, Susan McCormick, Ruth Dill-Macky, Nilgun E. Tumer. A Lipid Transfer Protein has Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity and Suppresses Fusarium Head Blight Disease and DON Accumulation in Transgenic Wheat. Phytopathology® 2021, 111 (4) , 671-683. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-20-0153-R
    92. Jing Pang, Hua Yang, Xu Feng, Qi Wang, Yu Cai, Zifei Liu, Changjian Wang, Feng Wang, Yanli Zhang. HT-2 toxin affects cell viability of goat spermatogonial stem cells through AMPK-ULK1 autophagy pathways. Theriogenology 2021, 164 , 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.01.015
    93. Xuliang Zhang, Yucong Wang, Xu Yang, Menglin Liu, Wanyue Huang, Jian Zhang, Miao Song, Bing Shao, Yanfei Li. The nephrotoxicity of T-2 toxin in mice caused by oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis is related to Nrf2 pathway. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2021, 149 , 112027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112027
    94. Yanshen Li, Anqi Chen, Xin Mao, Mingxue Sun, Shupeng Yang, Juan Li, Yanli You, Yongning Wu, Guibin Jiang. Multiple antibodied based immunoaffinity columns preparation for the simultaneous analysis of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin in cereals by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry 2021, 337 , 127802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127802
    95. Nicolo Piacenza, Florian Kaltner, Ronald Maul, Manfred Gareis, Karin Schwaiger, Christoph Gottschalk. Distribution of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin during experimental feeding of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Mycotoxin Research 2021, 37 (1) , 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-020-00411-x
    96. Mercedes Taroncher, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco, María-José Ruiz. Interactions between T-2 toxin and its metabolites in HepG2 cells and in silico approach. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2021, 148 , 111942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111942
    97. Mona Moradi, Maryam Azizi‐Lalabadi, Parisa Motamedi, Ehsan Sadeghi. Electrochemical determination of T 2 toxin by graphite/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber electrode. Food Science & Nutrition 2021, 9 (2) , 1171-1179. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2097
    98. Lin Ye, Jiacun Liu, Yaling Wang, Lijun Sun, Zhijia Fang, Qi Deng, Mei Qiu, Jian Zhao. Development of a three-compartment toxicokinetic model for T-2 toxin in shrimp by blindfold particle swarm optimization algorithm. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 208 , 111698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111698
    99. Ko-Hua Tso, Chompunut Lumsangkul, Jyh-Cherng Ju, Yang-Kwang Fan, Hsin-I Chiang. The Potential of Peroxidases Extracted from the Spent Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) Substrate Significantly Degrade Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol. Toxins 2021, 13 (1) , 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010072
    100. Claudio Altomare, Antonio F. Logrieco, Antonia Gallo. Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi: Risk and Management. A Challenge for Future Global Food Safety and Security. 2021, 64-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819990-9.00032-9
    Load more citations
    Download PDF

    Pair your accounts.

    Export articles to Mendeley

    Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

    Pair your accounts.

    Export articles to Mendeley

    Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

    You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley!

    STEP 1:
    Click to create an ACS ID

    Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

    Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

    Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

    MENDELEY PAIRING EXPIRED
    Your Mendeley pairing has expired. Please reconnect