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Comparison of Flavonoid Composition of Red Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) Grown in the Southern United States

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    Comparison of Flavonoid Composition of Red Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) Grown in the Southern United States
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    † Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7609, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
    ‡ NC State University Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
    § Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
    *Phone: (919) 515-1220. Fax: (919) 515-7747. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 23, 5779–5786
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203474e
    Published November 30, 2011
    Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Raspberry flavonoid compounds have significant antioxidant activities, and regular consumption may help prevent and/or moderate chronic diseases. Targeted metabolite profiling is useful to identify compounds contributing to these antioxidant properties and health benefits and for tailored breeding for functional foods. In this study, metabolomic variation was determined among three fall-fruiting red raspberry cultivars (‘Autumn Britten’, ‘Caroline’, ‘Nantahala’) grown at three North Carolina locations differing in elevation and average day/night temperatures. ‘Nantahala’ was specifically bred for the mountainous regions of the southern United States. Ten flavonoid compounds were detected by liquid chromatography–time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). Of those, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sophoroside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, and quercetin-3-glucoside were quantified against external standards. Variation in flavonoid composition was primarily attributed to genotype and associated with night temperature and hours exposed to temperatures over 29 °C. ‘Nantahala’ had particularly high levels of cyanidin-3-sambubioside, indicative of its purple raspberry lineage. Quercetin-3-glucoside levels increased the most with elevated temperatures.

    Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    Compounds that were detected by LC-TOF-MS but not quantified against their exact external standard are quantified against an appropriate external standard, and concentrations for all detected compounds are reported as (mg/g DW ± standard error). This information is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 23, 5779–5786
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203474e
    Published November 30, 2011
    Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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