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Oligosaccharide and Peptidoglycan of Ganoderma lucidum Activate the Immune Response in Human Mononuclear Cells

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    Oligosaccharide and Peptidoglycan of Ganoderma lucidum Activate the Immune Response in Human Mononuclear Cells
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    ‡ Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
    § Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
    ∥ Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
    ⊥ Institute of Biotechnology, National Ilan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
    # Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
    *Telephone: +886-2-27855696, ext. 7071. Fax: +886-2-27889759. E-mail: [email protected] (S.-T.C.); Telephone: +886-2-27855696, ext. 7101. Fax: +886-2-26539142. E-mail: [email protected] (S.-H.W.).
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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 11, 2830–2837
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3000339
    Published February 26, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    The acid-hydrolyzed fragments of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPS) obtained by Smith degradation were separated by size-exclusion chromatography into two major water-soluble fractions: peptidoglycans (GLPS-SF1) and oligosaccharides (GLPS-SF2). Both fractions induced CD69 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPB-MNCs), and they displayed distinct immunomodulating properties. GLPS-SF1, with a molecular weight of around 20 kDa, were heterogeneous peptidoglycans composed of glucose/mannose (4:1) that exhibited biological activities with Th1 cytokines IL-12, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in hPB-MNCs and stimulated macrophage cytokine expression via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. For GLPS-SF2, with a molecular weight of around several kilodaltons, its sugar sequence was elucidated by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as [−α-1,4-Glc–(β-1,4-GlcA)3−]n. This oligosaccharide displayed specific immune property with low monocyte induction, greatly stimulated cell activation and proliferation of NK and T cells. This oligosaccharide isolated from G. lucidum polysaccharides with internal glucuronic acids/glucose repeat unit in a 3:1 ratio may be responsible for the active stimulation of NK and T cells.

    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    Immuno-activating properties of GLPS Smith degradation products in purified monocytes (Figure S1), purified monocytes and monocytic cell lines (Figure S2), purified T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells (Figures S3 and S6), and purified NK cells (Figures S4 and S5). This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Cited By

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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 11, 2830–2837
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3000339
    Published February 26, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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