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Analytical and Sensory Studies on the Release of Sodium from Wheat Bread Crumb
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    Analytical and Sensory Studies on the Release of Sodium from Wheat Bread Crumb
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    Hans-Dieter-Belitz-Institute for Cereal Grain Research, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
    Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
    § German Research Center for Food Chemistry/Leibniz Institute, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
    *(K.K.) Phone: +49 8161 712927. Fax: +49 8161 712970. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 26, 6485–6494
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4012906
    Published June 8, 2013
    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    As a basis for sodium reduction, interactions between sodium and wheat bread ingredients and their impact on salt perception in bread crumb were examined. The theoretical sodium binding capacities of wheat proteins revealed that a maximum amount of 0.24% NaCl (based on flour) could be bound in bread crumb by ionic interactions between sodium ions and acidic amino acid side chains. However, the sodium binding capacities of wheat proteins, determined by a magnetic beads assay and a sodium-selective electrode, were only about 0.002% NaCl. They were negligible concerning the sensory perception of saltiness, as 0.075 and 0.3% NaCl were the lowest noticeable differences using bread containing 0 and 1% NaCl as a reference, respectively. Extracting bread crumb in a mastication simulator with ultrapure water, buffer solutions, and artificial and human saliva revealed that interactions between sodium and wheat bread ingredients were sufficiently weak to enable complete sodium extraction during simulated mastication.

    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

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    This article is cited by 36 publications.

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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 26, 6485–6494
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4012906
    Published June 8, 2013
    Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

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