ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
In Vitro and in Vivo Studies on the Radical-Scavenging Activity of Tea
My Activity

Figure 1Loading Img
    Article

    In Vitro and in Vivo Studies on the Radical-Scavenging Activity of Tea
    Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

    View Author Information
    Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Faculty of Education, Toyama University, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-Ku, Pusan 609-735, Korea
    Other Access Options

    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998, 46, 6, 2143–2150
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970985c
    Published May 13, 1998
    Copyright © 1998 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    The effects of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) of three types on excessive free radicals were examined utilizing spin trapping, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, lipid peroxidation, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage from cultured cells. Green tea extract presented significant antiradical effects in these four assay systems, whereas oolong tea and black tea extracts showed a rather weak protective effect against free radicals. A more potent scavenger effect using cultured cells was found with a green tea tannin mixture. Similarly to the effects of the green tea tannin mixture, (−)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, its main ingredient, had an inhibitory effect on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. The activities of the antioxidation enzymes in rats after subtotal nephrectomy were increased, suggesting a protective action against oxidative stress. The increased levels of uremic toxins in the blood were also reduced in rats given (−)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate. These findings indicate that (−)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate helps to inhibit the progression of renal failure by scavenging radicals.

    Keywords: Tea; (−)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate; free radical; hydroxyl radical; apoptosis; DNA fragmentation; renal epithelial cell; nephrectomy

    Copyright © 1998 American Chemical Society

    Read this article

    To access this article, please review the available access options below.

    Get instant access

    Purchase Access

    Read this article for 48 hours. Check out below using your ACS ID or as a guest.

    Recommended

    Access through Your Institution

    You may have access to this article through your institution.

    Your institution does not have access to this content. Add or change your institution or let them know you’d like them to include access.

    *

     Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

     Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku.

     Toyama University.

     Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

    §

     Pusan National University.

    Cited By

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
    Citation Statements
    Explore this article's citation statements on scite.ai

    This article is cited by 84 publications.

    1. Gang Cui, Yaru Niu, Hong Wang, Jing Dong, Hashi Yuki, and Shizhong Chen . Rapid Isolation and Identification of Active Antioxidant Ingredients from Gongju Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and Postcolumn Derivatization. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60 (21) , 5407-5413. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf300938e
    2. Amal Elabbadi, Nicolas Jeckelmann, Olivier Haefliger, Lahoussine Ouali, and Philipp Erni . Selective Coprecipitation of Polyphenols in Bioactive/Inorganic Complexes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2011, 3 (7) , 2764-2771. https://doi.org/10.1021/am2005515
    3. Ryusuke Fudouji, Takashi Tanaka, Toshitugu Taguri, Yosuke Matsuo and Isao Kouno . Coupling Reactions of Catechins with Natural Aldehydes and Allyl Alcohols and Radical Scavenging Activities of the Triglyceride-Soluble Products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2009, 57 (14) , 6417-6424. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9010998
    4. Takako Nakagawa,, Takako Yokozawa,, Mitsuyo Sano,, Shigeya Takeuchi,, Mujo Kim, and, Shinsuke Minamoto. Activity of (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-Gallate against Oxidative Stress in Rats with Adenine-Induced Renal Failure. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (7) , 2103-2107. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030258j
    5. Takako Yokozawa,, Eun Ju Cho, and, Takako Nakagawa. Influence of Green Tea Polyphenol in Rats with Arginine-Induced Renal Failure. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (8) , 2421-2425. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021046+
    6. Takako Yokozawa,, Takako Nakagawa, and, Kenichi Kitani. Antioxidative Activity of Green Tea Polyphenol in Cholesterol-Fed Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (12) , 3549-3552. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020029h
    7. Takako Yokozawa,, Hyun Young Kim,, Gen-ichiro Nonaka, and, Kenichi Kosuna. Buckwheat Extract Inhibits Progression of Renal Failure. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (11) , 3341-3345. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011499z
    8. Takako Nakagawa,, Takako Yokozawa,, Katsutoshi Terasawa,, Seiji Shu, and, Lekh Raj Juneja. Protective Activity of Green Tea against Free Radical- and Glucose-Mediated Protein Damage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (8) , 2418-2422. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011339n
    9. Takako Yokozawa,, Eun Ju Cho,, Yukihiko Hara, and, Kenichi Kitani. Antioxidative Activity of Green Tea Treated with Radical Initiator 2,2‘-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000, 48 (10) , 5068-5073. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000253b
    10. María I. Gil,, Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán,, Betty Hess-Pierce,, Deirdre M. Holcroft, and, Adel A. Kader. Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Juice and Its Relationship with Phenolic Composition and Processing. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000, 48 (10) , 4581-4589. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000404a
    11. Tomoaki Deguchi,, Riichiro Ohba, and, Seinosuke Ueda. Radical Scavenging Activity of a Purple Pigment, Hordeumin, from Uncooked Barley Bran-Fermented Broth. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000, 48 (8) , 3198-3201. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990944b
    12. Nicholas Naurato,, Peggy Wong,, Ying Lu,, Karol Wroblewski, and, Anders Bennick. Interaction of Tannin with Human Salivary Histatins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1999, 47 (6) , 2229-2234. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981044i
    13. Hae Young Chung,, Takako Yokozawa,, Do Yu Soung,, In Sook Kye,, Jae Kyung No, and, Bong Sook Baek. Peroxynitrite-Scavenging Activity of Green Tea Tannin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1998, 46 (11) , 4484-4486. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980556u
    14. Sayantani Mitra, Nabanita Naskar, Susanta Lahiri, Punarbasu Chaudhuri. Synergistic Aqueous Biphasic Separation of No‐Carrier‐Added 71,72 As from a Gallium Oxide Target Using Green Tea Polyphenols. ChemistrySelect 2023, 8 (46) https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202302651
    15. Sourabh Debbarma, Arpit Acharya, Yumnam Abungcha Mangang, Shongsir Joy Monsang, Tanmoy Gon Choudhury, Janmejay Parhi, Pramod Kumar Pandey. Immune-biochemical response and immune gene expression profiling of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed with ethanolic tea leaf extracts and its survivability against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2022, 130 , 520-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.027
    16. Osman Tolga Balaban, Aybike Kamiloğlu, Hasan Hüseyin Kara. Changes of some bioactive and physicochemical properties during the black tea processing. Journal of Food Science 2022, 87 (6) , 2474-2483. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.16151
    17. Arnaud Patient, Elodie Jean-Marie, Jean-Charles Robinson, Karine Martial, Emmanuelle Meudec, Joëlle Levalois-Grützmacher, Brigitte Closs, Didier Bereau. Polyphenol Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (Anarcadiaceae) Leaves. Plants 2022, 11 (3) , 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030326
    18. Atmaya Vartak, Shraddha Sonawane, Hina Alim, Nimisha Patel, Lamia Hamrouni, Johra Khan, Ahmad Ali. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in the Cosmetics Industry. 2022, 341-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98701-5_12
    19. Zijuan Zhao, Meiyan Feng, Juan Wan, Xin Zheng, Cuiqin Teng, Xinya Xie, Wenjing Pan, Baozhu Hu, Jianan Huang, Zhonghua Liu, Jianhua Wu, Shuxian Cai. Research progress of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on anti-pathogenic microbes and immune regulation activities. Food & Function 2021, 12 (20) , 9607-9619. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1FO01352A
    20. Chuan You, Dan Qin, Yumeng Wang, Wenyi Lan, Yehong Li, Baohong Yu, Yajun Peng, Jieru Xu, Jinyan Dong. Plant Triterpenoids Regulate Endophyte Community to Promote Medicinal Plant Schisandra sphenanthera Growth and Metabolites Accumulation. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7 (10) , 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100788
    21. Natalya Mikhailovna Ageeva, Vladimir Aramovich Markosov, Irina Anatol'yevna Ilyina, Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich Dergunov. PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF RED GRAPE VARIETIES GROWING IN THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY. chemistry of plant raw material 2021, (2) , 201-208. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021027427
    22. Zheng Chen, Mohammad Shah Jahan, Pengpeng Mao, Mengmeng Wang, Xiaoying Liu, Shirong Guo. Functional growth, photosynthesis and nutritional property analyses of lettuce grown under different temperature and light intensity. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2021, 96 (1) , 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2020.1807416
    23. Shahira M. Ezzat, Mahitab H. El Bishbishy, Dina M. El Kersh, Ahmed Zayed, Mohamed A. Salem, Maha M. Salama. Herbal cosmeticology. 2021, 129-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820284-5.00022-8
    24. Sami A. Gabr, Nada S. Gabr, Wael M. Elsaed. Aqueous Green Tea Extract and Prediction of Fibrosis in Lipopolysaccharide Intoxicated Rats. International Journal of Pharmacology 2019, 15 (3) , 403-417. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2019.403.417
    25. Solomon Habtemariam. The chemical and pharmacological basis of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) as potential therapy for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. 2019, 839-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102922-0.00022-5
    26. Mengmeng Wang, Zhigang Xu, Jiaohong Song, Xiaoying Liu, XueLei Jiao. Effects of different mowing treatments and stubble heights on the compensatory growth and quality of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2018, 93 (5) , 537-544. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2017.1413426
    27. Ke-Xun Lian, Xiao-Qing Zhu, Jie Chen, Gang Liu, Xin-Li Gu. Selenylation modification: enhancement of the antioxidant activity of a Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharide. Glycoconjugate Journal 2018, 35 (2) , 243-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-018-9817-8
    28. Lovedeep Kaur, Natthawuddhi Donlao. Tea Antioxidants As Affected by Environmental Factors. 2018, 313-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2140-5_14
    29. Cuiping Han, Qingguan Liu, Yuequn Jing, Di Wang, Yue Zhao, Han Zhang, Lianzhou Jiang. Ultrasound-assisted Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Corn Germ Oil: Analysis of Quality and Antioxidant Activity. Journal of Oleo Science 2018, 67 (6) , 745-754. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess17241
    30. Yu-Jie Guo, Li-Qiong Sun, Bo-Yang Yu, Jin Qi. An integrated antioxidant activity fingerprint for commercial teas based on their capacities to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Food Chemistry 2017, 237 , 645-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.024
    31. Lorenzo Signorini, Simona Granata, Antonio Lupo, Gianluigi Zaza. Naturally Occurring Compounds: New Potential Weapons against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2017, 18 (7) , 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071481
    32. Xiaoming Lu, Ningyang Li, Xuguang Qiao, Zhichang Qiu, Pengli Liu. Composition analysis and antioxidant properties of black garlic extract. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2017, 25 (2) , 340-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.05.011
    33. Xiao-Liang Sun, Shi-Yu Wang, Zhi-Min Qi, Ning Wan, Bang-Le Zhang, Wei He. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel Tempol derivatives as effective antitumor agents. Research on Chemical Intermediates 2016, 42 (10) , 7659-7673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-016-2560-5
    34. Juan-Ping Xie, Ji-Ming Xiang. A New Cyclodemethylanhydroicaritin from Extraction of Epimedium wushanense and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 2016, 52 (5) , 791-793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-016-1779-0
    35. Elaine Renata de Castro Viana Pereira, Guilherme Garcia Bessegato, Hideko Yamanaka, Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni. Determination of Quercetin by a Siloxane-Polyester/Poly-L-Lysine Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Analytical Letters 2016, 49 (9) , 1398-1411. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2015.1104323
    36. Ahmad H. Alghadir, Sami A. Gabr, Einas S. Al-Eisa. Green tea and exercise interventions as nondrug remedies in geriatric patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Physical Therapy Science 2016, 28 (10) , 2820-2829. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.2820
    37. Viduranga Y. Waisundara, Lee Yian Hoon. Free radical scavenging ability of Aspalathus linearis in two in vitro models of diabetes and cancer. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2015, 5 (3) , 174-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.009
    38. Stan Kubow, Manyan Fung, Noor Naqvi, Larry C. Lands. The Emergence of Polyphenols in the Potentiation of Treatment Modality in Cystic Fibrosis. 2015, 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800051-9.00020-1
    39. Shuang Xia, Yue Feng, Jia-Gao Cheng, Hai-Bin Luo, Zhong Li, Zheng-Ming Li. QAAR exploration on pesticides with high solubility: An investigation on sulfonylurea herbicide dimers formed through π–π stacking interactions. Chinese Chemical Letters 2014, 25 (7) , 973-977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2014.05.046
    40. Lovedeep Kaur, Shiromani Jayasekera, Paul J. Moughan. Antioxidant Quality of Tea (Camellia sinensis) as Affected by Environmental Factors. 2014, 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-404738-9.00013-1
    41. Takako Yokozawa, Jeong Noh, Chan Park, Jong Park. Green Tea Polyphenols for the Protection of Internal Organs—Focus on Renal Damage Caused by Oxidative Stress. 2013, 177-204. https://doi.org/10.1201/b14878-10
    42. Guan-Lin Chen, Kun Hu, Nan-Jing Zhong, Juan Guo, Yu-Shi Gong, Xiao-Ting Deng, Ying-Si Huang, Da-Ke Chu, Yong-Qing Gao. Antioxidant capacities and total polyphenol content of nine commercially available tea juices measured by an in vitro digestion model. European Food Research and Technology 2013, 236 (2) , 303-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-012-1897-2
    43. Jun Yang, Rui H. Liu. The phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in different types of tea. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 2013, 48 (1) , 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03173.x
    44. Caiyan LI, Caisheng WANG, Sufang WANG, Guoying QIAN, Qiuhua ZHU, Yuting LIU, Wei WANG. Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Technology of Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity. Food Science and Technology Research 2013, 19 (2) , 157-162. https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.19.157
    45. Aili Wang, Jin Zhang, Zaigui Li. Correlation of volatile and nonvolatile components with the total antioxidant capacity of tartary buckwheat vinegar: Influence of the thermal processing. Food Research International 2012, 49 (1) , 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.07.020
    46. Benila Richi, Raosaheb K. Kale, Ashu B Tiku. Radio-modulatory effects of Green Tea Catechin EGCG on pBR322 plasmid DNA and murine splenocytes against gamma-radiation induced damage. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2012, 747 (1) , 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.04.002
    47. Takako Yokozawa, Jeong Sook Noh, Chan Hum Park. Green Tea Polyphenols for the Protection against Renal Damage Caused by Oxidative Stress. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 2012 , 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/845917
    48. Li Peng, Xiujuan Wang, Xianggang Shi, Chengren Li, Chuangxing Ye, Xiaohong Song. Characterization of the constituents and antioxidative activity of cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla). Food Chemistry 2011, 129 (4) , 1475-1482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.120
    49. Lihua Zhang, Quanjuan Fu, Yuanhu Zhang. Composition of anthocyanins in pomegranate flowers and their antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry 2011, 127 (4) , 1444-1449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.077
    50. Lihua Zhang, Xuemei Yang, Yuanhu Zhang, Lu Wang, Ran Zhang. In vitro antioxidant properties of different parts of pomegranate flowers. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2011, 89 (3) , 234-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2010.04.007
    51. Yu Long Chen, Jun Duan, Yue Ming Jiang, John Shi, Litao Peng, Sophia Xue, Yukio Kakuda. Production, Quality, and Biological Effects of Oolong Tea ( Camellia sinensis ). Food Reviews International 2010, 27 (1) , 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2010.518294
    52. E.W.C. Chan, Y.Y. Lim, K.L. Chong, J.B.L. Tan, S.K. Wong. Antioxidant properties of tropical and temperate herbal teas. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2010, 23 (2) , 185-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2009.10.002
    53. SHENG-DUN LIN, CHIH-HUNG LIANG, EN-HUI LIU, JENG-LEUN MAU. ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WATER EXTRACTS FROM PARCHING GREEN TEA. Journal of Food Biochemistry 2010, 57 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00293.x
    54. Lihua Zhang, Yujiao Gao, Yuanhu Zhang, Jing Liu, Junwei Yu. Changes in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in pomegranate leaves. Scientia Horticulturae 2010, 123 (4) , 543-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.11.008
    55. Takashi Tanaka, Yosuke Matsuo, Isao Kouno. Chemistry of Secondary Polyphenols Produced during Processing of Tea and Selected Foods. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2010, 11 (1) , 14-40. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11010014
    56. Matthew J. Palumbo, Stephen T. Talcott, Francis E. Putz. Ilex Vomitoria Ait. (Yaupon): A Native North American Source of a Caffeinated and Antioxidant-Rich Tea. Economic Botany 2009, 63 (2) , 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-009-9078-3
    57. Byung Chul Shin, Hyun Ho Ryu, Jong Hoon Chung, Byoung Rai Lee, Hyun Lee Kim. The Protective Effects of Green Tea Extract against L-arginine Toxicity to Cultured Human Mesangial Cells. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2009, 24 (Suppl 1) , S204. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2009.24.S1.S204
    58. Sheng-Dun Lin, En-Hui Liu, Jeng-Leun Mau. Effect of different brewing methods on antioxidant properties of steaming green tea. LWT - Food Science and Technology 2008, 41 (9) , 1616-1623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.10.009
    59. Zeng Youwei, Zhao Jinlian, Peng Yonghong. A comparative study on the free radical scavenging activities of some fresh flowers in southern China. LWT - Food Science and Technology 2008, 41 (9) , 1586-1591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.10.010
    60. Feng Fan, Zhong Li, Xiaoyong Xu, Xuhong Qian. Quantitative Aggregation–Activity Relationship (QAAR): Supermolecular View, Dimer as the Simplest Aggregation State and Monomolecule. QSAR & Combinatorial Science 2007, 26 (6) , 737-743. https://doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200630142
    61. J. Xie, W. Sun, K. Duan, Y. Zhang. Chemical constituents of roots of Epimedium wushanense and evaluation of their biological activities. Natural Product Research 2007, 21 (7) , 600-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410701369680
    62. Ricardo M. Ferreyra, Sonia Z. Viña, Alicia Mugridge, Alicia R. Chaves. Growth and ripening season effects on antioxidant capacity of strawberry cultivar Selva. Scientia Horticulturae 2007, 112 (1) , 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.12.001
    63. E.W.C. Chan, Y.Y. Lim, Y.L. Chew. Antioxidant activity of Camellia sinensis leaves and tea from a lowland plantation in Malaysia. Food Chemistry 2007, 102 (4) , 1214-1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.009
    64. Noriko Yamabe, Takako Yokozawa, Takeshi Oya, Mujo Kim. Therapeutic Potential of (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-Gallate on Renal Damage in Diabetic Nephropathy Model Rats. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006, 319 (1) , 228-236. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.106.107029
    65. Anna Gramza, Jozef Korczak. Tea constituents (Camellia sinensis L.) as antioxidants in lipid systems. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2005, 16 (8) , 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.02.004
    66. Edelsys Codorniu-Hernández, Ariel Mesa-Ibirico, Luis Montero-Cabrera, Francisco Martinez-Luzardo, Wolf-Dieter Stohrer. MO-calculations on the solvation effects on the structure of natural flavonoids in aqueous and acetone phases. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 2005, 715 (1-3) , 227-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2004.09.059
    67. Amanda J. Stewart, William Mullen, Alan Crozier. On-line high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in green and black tea. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2005, 49 (1) , 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200400064
    68. P.A.N. Punyasiri, I.S.B. Abeysinghe, V. Kumar, D. Treutter, D. Duy, C. Gosch, S. Martens, G. Forkmann, T.C. Fischer. Flavonoid biosynthesis in the tea plant Camellia sinensis: properties of enzymes of the prominent epicatechin and catechin pathways. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2004, 431 (1) , 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2004.08.003
    69. Talal Aburjai, Feda M. Natsheh. Plants used in cosmetics. Phytotherapy Research 2003, 17 (9) , 987-1000. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1363
    70. Jasmina M. Dimitrić Marković, Ljubiša M. Ignjatović, Dragan A. Marković, Jelisaveta M. Baranac. Antioxidative capabilities of some organic acids and their co-pigments with malvin. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2003, 553 , 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00320-6
    71. Tianhong Pan, Joseph Jankovic, Weidong Le. Potential Therapeutic Properties of Green Tea Polyphenols in Parkinson???s Disease. Drugs & Aging 2003, 20 (10) , 711-721. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200320100-00001
    72. T Nakagawa, T Yokozawa. Direct scavenging of nitric oxide and superoxide by green tea. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2002, 40 (12) , 1745-1750. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00169-2
    73. M Du, G Cherian, PA Stitt, DU Ahn. Effect of dietary sorghum cultivars on the storage stability of broiler breast and thigh meat. Poultry Science 2002, 81 (9) , 1385-1391. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.9.1385
    74. Takako Yokozawa, Yoshiki Kashiwada, Masao Hattori, Hae Young Chung. Study on the Components of Luobuma with Peroxynitrite-Scavenging Activity. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2002, 25 (6) , 748-752. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.748
    75. Christiane J. Dufresne, Edward R. Farnworth. A review of latest research findings on the health promotion properties of tea. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2001, 12 (7) , 404-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00155-3
    76. Charles R. Caldwell. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity of the Phenolic Compounds in Plant Extracts Fractionated by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Analytical Biochemistry 2001, 293 (2) , 232-238. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.2001.5134
    77. Hiroki Hotta, Harumi Sakamoto, Satomi Nagano, Toshiyuki Osakai, Yoshio Tsujino. Unusually large numbers of electrons for the oxidation of polyphenolic antioxidants. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 2001, 1526 (2) , 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(01)00123-4
    78. Andrés Moure, Jose M. Cruz, Daniel Franco, J.Manuel Domı́nguez, Jorge Sineiro, Herminia Domı́nguez, Marı́a José Núñez, J.Carlos Parajó. Natural antioxidants from residual sources. Food Chemistry 2001, 72 (2) , 145-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00223-5
    79. Shutsung Liao, Yung-Hsi Kao, Richard A Hiipakka. Green tea: Biochemical and biological basis for health benefits. 2001, 1-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0083-6729(01)62001-6
    80. Robert DiSilvestro. Flavonoids as Antioxidants. 2000https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420036695.ch8
    81. C. Dufresne, E. Farnworth. Tea, Kombucha, and health: a review. Food Research International 2000, 33 (6) , 409-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00067-3
    82. Tomonori Unno, Akio Sugimoto, Takami Kakuda. Scavenging effect of tea catechins and their epimers on superoxide anion radicals generated by a hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase system. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2000, 80 (5) , 601-606. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(200004)80:5<601::AID-JSFA581>3.0.CO;2-O
    83. Tomoaki DEGUCHI, Makoto YOSHIMOTO, Riichiro OHBA, Seinosuke UEDA. Antimutagenicity of the Purple Pigment, Hordeumin, from Uncooked Barley Bran-Fermented Broth. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 2000, 64 (2) , 414-416. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.64.414
    84. Toshiro MATSUI, Kiyoshi MATSUMOTO. Physiological functions of food components. Analytical evaluation of complex functional food matrices. (Review).. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2000, 49 (7) , 477-491. https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.49.477

    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998, 46, 6, 2143–2150
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970985c
    Published May 13, 1998
    Copyright © 1998 American Chemical Society

    Article Views

    698

    Altmetric

    -

    Citations

    Learn about these metrics

    Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.

    Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

    The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.