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Interpolation of Atomically Thin Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphene: Electronic Structure and Thermodynamic Stability in Terms of All-Carbon Conjugated Paths and Aromatic Hexagons

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† Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Box 576, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
‡ Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
§ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
*E-mail: [email protected] (H.O.), [email protected] (B.S.).
Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 20, 10264–10271
Publication Date (Web):April 29, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2016616
Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Two-dimensional hexagonal composite materials (BN)n(C2)m (n, m = 1, 2, ...), which all are isoelectronic with graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), have been studied by density functional theory (DFT) with a focus on the relative energies of different material isomers and their band gaps. The well-established chemical concepts of conjugation and aromaticity were exploited to deduce a rationale for identifying the thermodynamically most stable isomer of the specific composites studied. We find that (BN)n(C2)m materials will not adopt structures in which the B, C, and N atoms are finely dispersed in the 2D sheet. Instead, the C atoms and C−C bonds, which provide for improved conjugation when compared to B−N bonds, gather and form all-carbon hexagons and paths; that is, the (BN)n(C2)m materials prefer nanostructured distributions. Importantly, there are several isomers of similarly low relative energy for each (BN)n(C2)m composite type, but the band gaps for these nearly isoenergetic isomers differ by up to 1.0 eV. This feature in the band gap variation of the most stable few isomers is found for each of the four composites studied and at two different DFT levels. Consequently, the formation of a distinct (BN)n(C2)m material isomer with a precise (small) band gap will likely be nontrivial. Therefore, one likely has to invoke nonstandard preparation techniques that exploit nanopatterned h-BN or graphene with voids that can be filled with the complementary all-carbon or boron nitride segments.

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    Complete refs 27 and 28 as well as optimal bond lengths and Cartesian coordinates of the various materials isomers. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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