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Reversible and Irreversible Interactions of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) with Oxygen Studied by Spin-Sensitive Methods

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Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
Huygens Laboratory, Department of Molecular Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Bavarian Centre for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 2011, 115, 46, 13513–13518
Publication Date (Web):October 5, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2077215
Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society
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Understanding of degradation mechanisms in polymer:fullerene bulk-heterojunctions on the microscopic level aimed at improving their intrinsic stability is crucial for the breakthrough of organic photovoltaics. These materials are vulnerable to exposure to light and/or oxygen, hence they involve electronic excitations. To unambiguously probe the excited states of various multiplicities and their reactions with oxygen, we applied combined magneto-optical methods based on multifrequency (9 and 275 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photoluminescence (PL), and PL-detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) to the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunctions (P3HT:PCBM; PCBM = [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester). We identified two distinct photochemical reaction routes, one being fully reversible and related to the formation of polymer:oxygen charge transfer complexes, the other one, irreversible, being related to the formation of singlet oxygen under participation of bound triplet excitons on the polymer chain. With respect to the blends, we discuss the protective effect of the methanofullerenes on the conjugated polymer bypassing the triplet exciton generation.

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PL spectra of P3HT, P3HT:PCBM, and P3HT under oxygen exposure. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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