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Kinetics of Gold Nanoparticle Formation Facilitated by Triblock Copolymers

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Division of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States
Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
§ Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
# Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States
Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350, United States
*E-mail [email protected]. Phone: 1-909-558-9702.
Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 7, 4431–4441
Publication Date (Web):January 30, 2012
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp210591h
Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Concerns for the environmental and economic impact of organic solvents and detergents in gold nanoparticle (AuNP) solution synthesis have motivated the search for more environmentally benign alternatives. One approach is to synthesize AuNPs from tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) using triblock copolymers (TBPs). However, a major challenge of using TBPs is the heterogeneous nature of the formed nanocrystals. Establishing control over AuNP size and shape requires a detailed mechanistic understanding of precursor reduction and nanoparticle growth. By using mixtures of TBPs (L31 and F68), we demonstrate a more flexible method for adjusting the hydrophobic/hydrophilic environment to tune the size and shape. We show that AuNP morphology and size can be changed by adjusting the TBP/Au(III) ratio. Kinetic models are used to rationalize why the addition of L31 slows the rate of AuNP formation and growth. Experimental evidence of sigmoidal growth kinetics, early time bimodal gold nanoparticle size distributions, and polycrystallinity suggest that aggregative AuNP growth is an important mechanism.

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UV–vis spectra: (i) TBP scattering at 600 nm against temperature, (ii) aqueous solution of HAuCl4, and (iii) 540 nm absorption for ternary F68 and quaternary L31/F68 solutions against initial Au(III) concentration. The XRD pattern of gold nanoprisms; DLS volume weighed size distributions after three days reaction and STEM images of F68 and L31/F68 TBP solutions. A detailed derivation of eq 2 is described. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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This article is cited by 21 publications.

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  2. Hang Jin, Wei Wang, Hongli Chang, Yun Shen, Zhipeng Yu, Yunya Tian, Yang Yu, and Jing Gong . Effects of Salt-Controlled Self-Assembly of Triblock Copolymers F68 on Interaction Forces between Oil Drops in Aqueous Solution. Langmuir 2017, 33 (51) , 14548-14555. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02925
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