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Buried, Covalently Attached RGD Peptide Motifs in Poly(methacrylic acid) Brush Layers: The Effect of Brush Structure on Cell Adhesion

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    Buried, Covalently Attached RGD Peptide Motifs in Poly(methacrylic acid) Brush Layers: The Effect of Brush Structure on Cell Adhesion
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    Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, PL-30-060 Cracow, Poland, and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), c/Baldiri Reixac 13, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
    * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. Telephone: +31 (0)53 489 2974. Fax: +31 (0)53 489 3823.
    †University of Twente.
    ‡Jagiellonian University.
    §Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC).
    ∥On leave to Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), c/Baldiri Reixac 13, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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    Cite this: Langmuir 2008, 24, 19, 10996–11002
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/la800999y
    Published September 4, 2008
    Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Iniferter-mediated surface-initiated photopolymerization was used to graft poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brush layers obtained from surface-attached iniferters in self-assembled monolayers to a gold surface. The tethered chains were subsequently functionalized with the cell-adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif. The modified brushes were extended by reinitiating the polymerization to obtain an additional layer of PMAA, thereby burying the peptide-functionalized segments inside the brush structure. Contact angle measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the wettability and the chemical properties of these platforms. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) measurements were performed to monitor the chemical composition of the polymer layer as a function of the distance to the gold surface and obtain information concerning the depth of the RGD motifs inside the brush structure. The brush thickness was evaluated as a function of the polymerization (i.e., UV-irradiation) time with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry. Cell adhesion tests employing human osteoblasts were performed on substrates with the RGD peptides exposed at the surface as well as covered by a PMAA top brush layer. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated a variation of the cell morphology as a function of the position of the peptide units along the grafted chains.

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    List of all the relevant ionic fragments by TOF-SIMS analysis with the corresponding mass/u values. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Cite this: Langmuir 2008, 24, 19, 10996–11002
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/la800999y
    Published September 4, 2008
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