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High-Precision Nanoscale Temperature Sensing Using Single Defects in Diamond

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3rd Physikalisches Institut, Research Center Scope and IQST, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Experimentelle Physik III, Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
§ Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Itami, Hyogo, 664-0016 Japan
Research Center for Knowledge Communities, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8550 Japan
Cite this: Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 6, 2738–2742
Publication Date (Web):May 30, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1021/nl401216y
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Measuring local temperature with a spatial resolution on the order of a few nanometers has a wide range of applications in the semiconductor industry and in material and life sciences. For example, probing temperature on the nanoscale with high precision can potentially be used to detect small, local temperature changes like those caused by chemical reactions or biochemical processes. However, precise nanoscale temperature measurements have not been realized so far owing to the lack of adequate probes. Here we experimentally demonstrate a novel nanoscale temperature sensing technique based on optically detected electron spin resonance in single atomic defects in diamonds. These diamond sensor sizes range from a micrometer down to a few tens of nanometers. We achieve a temperature noise floor of 5 mK/Hz1/2 for single defects in bulk sensors. Using doped nanodiamonds as sensors the temperature noise floor is 130 mK/Hz1/2 and accuracies down to 1 mK for nanocrystal sizes and therefore length scales of a few tens of nanometers. This combination of precision and position resolution, combined with the outstanding sensor photostability, should allow the measurement of the heat produced by chemical interactions involving a few or single molecules even in heterogeneous environments like cells.

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A more thorough description of the spin Hamiltonian, HPHT and nanodiamond samples, experimental setup, and simulations of nuclear spin bath influences. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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