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Enhanced Chemical Reactivity of Graphene Induced by Mechanical Strain

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† Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
‡ Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
*Address correspondence to [email protected]
Cite this: ACS Nano 2013, 7, 11, 10335–10343
Publication Date (Web):October 16, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1021/nn404746h
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Control over chemical reactivity is essential in the field of nanotechnology. Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic sheet of sp2 hybridized carbon with exceptional properties that can be altered by chemical functionalization. Here, we transferred single-layer graphene onto a flexible substrate and investigated the functionalization using different aryl diazonium molecules while applying mechanical strain. We found that mechanical strain can alter the structure of graphene, and dramatically increase the reaction rate, by a factor of up to 10, as well as increase the final degree of functionalization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mechanical strain enables functionalization of graphene for both p- and n-type dopants, where unstrained graphene showed negligible reactivity. Theoretical calculations were also performed to support the experimental findings. Our findings offer a simple approach to control the chemical reactivity of graphene through the application of mechanical strain, allowing for a tuning of the properties of graphene.

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Individual reactivity plots, spectra deconvolution, further theoretical calculation details and comparison to ideal graphene surface, and Raman mapping of functionalized graphene on PDMS and SiO2 substrates. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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