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Hydrated Human Corneal Stroma Revealed by Quantitative Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy at Nanoscale

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Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Centre for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
§ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
*Address correspondence to [email protected], [email protected]
Cite this: ACS Nano 2014, 8, 7, 6873–6882
Publication Date (Web):May 15, 2014
https://doi.org/10.1021/nn5015837
Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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The structures and mechanical properties of human tissues are significantly influenced by water. The functionality of the human cornea can be linked to the hydrated collagen fibers. By applying quantitative dynamic atomic force microscopy to investigate morphological and mechanical property variations of corneal stroma under different hydration levels, we found that the collagen fibers in the stromal tissue show the specific periodicities and the stiffness of giga-Pa magnitude at 40% humidity. However, under increasing hydration, the collagen fibers clearly show nanoparticle structures along the fibers with the stiffness in mega-Pa magnitude. By increasing the hydration time, the stroma regains the fiber structure but with larger diameter. The age-dependency in stiffness was further investigated. The interplay of structures and nanomechanical mapping may be applied for the future diagnosis and assessment or even pathologic analysis.

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The scheme and photo image of stroma preparation by the femtosecond laser corneal surgery (Figure S1); the high resolution SEM images of the sample (Figure S2); the TEM images of the cross-section of stroma samples (Figure S3); AFM morphology images of SL-1, SL-2 and SR-2 stroma samples (Figure S4); the line profiles of SL-1 and SR-2 and aging effect samples (Figure S5); the fiber width and particle radius analysis fitted images and the relative distribution (Figure S6); the morphology and the periodicities of the bulk and isolated collagen (Figure S7); the mechanical property of SR-1 sample (Figure S8); the morphology of the stroma in physiological buffer (Figure S9); the morphology of the air-dried stroma after imaging in liquid (Figure S10); the aging effect on the mechanical property of stroma samples (Figure S11). This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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