Pair your accounts.

Export articles to Mendeley

Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

Pair your accounts.

Export articles to Mendeley

Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley!

STEP 1:
Click to create an ACS ID

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

MENDELEY PAIRING EXPIRED
Your Mendeley pairing has expired. Please reconnect
ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read
Bioactive A-Type Proanthocyanidins from Cinnamomum cassia
My Activity
CONTENT TYPES
    Article

    Bioactive A-Type Proanthocyanidins from Cinnamomum cassia
    Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

    View Author Information
    Bruker Biospin Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
    PlantaAnalytica, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, United States
    § Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Massachusetts 02139-4252, United States
    John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, New York 10019, United States
    Phenolics, LLC, El Granada, California 94018-2439, United States
    Tel/fax: 650-726-5725. E-mail: [email protected]
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    Journal of Natural Products

    Cite this: J. Nat. Prod. 2011, 74, 9, 1833–1841
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/np1007944
    Published August 29, 2011
    Copyright © 2011 The American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy

    Abstract

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!
    Abstract Image

    Two trimeric proanthocyanidins, cinnamtannin B-1 (1) and cinnamtannin D-1 (2), have been isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia along with the known tetramer parameritannin A-1 (3) and a previously unreported tetramer, named cassiatannin A (4). The structures of 14 were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, MS, and CD analyses and compared to the reported data. Proanthocyanidins (14) possess significant in vitro inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at micromolar concentrations.

    Copyright © 2011 The American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy

    Read this article

    To access this article, please review the available access options below.

    Get instant access

    Purchase Access

    Read this article for 48 hours. Check out below using your ACS ID or as a guest.

    Recommended

    Access through Your Institution

    You may have access to this article through your institution.

    Your institution does not have access to this content. Add or change your institution or let them know you’d like them to include access.

    Supporting Information

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    1H and 13C NMR data of 14 (Tables 1S–4S), 1D and 2D NMR spectra (S1–S15), and HR-ESIMS spectra (S16–S21). This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

    Terms & Conditions

    Most electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. Such files may be downloaded by article for research use (if there is a public use license linked to the relevant article, that license may permit other uses). Permission may be obtained from ACS for other uses through requests via the RightsLink permission system: http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

    Cited By

    Click to copy section linkSection link copied!

    This article is cited by 62 publications.

    1. Shu-Xi Jing, Yvette Alania, Mariana Reis, James B. McAlpine, Shao-Nong Chen, Ana K. Bedran-Russo, Guido F. Pauli. Proanthocyanidin Tetramers and Pentamers from Cinnamomum verum Bark and Their Dentin Biomodification Bioactivities. Journal of Natural Products 2022, 85 (2) , 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00972
    2. Joo-Won Nam, Rasika S. Phansalkar, David C. Lankin, James B. McAlpine, Ariene A. Leme-Kraus, Ana K. Bedran-Russo, Shao-Nong Chen, Guido F. Pauli. Targeting Trimeric and Tetrameric Proanthocyanidins of Cinnamomum verum Bark as Bioactives for Dental Therapies. Journal of Natural Products 2020, 83 (11) , 3287-3297. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00570
    3. Li Rao, Yun-Xia You, Yu Su, Yue Fan, Yu Liu, Qian He, Yi Chen, Jie Meng, Lin Hu, Yizhou Li, You-Kai Xu, Bin Lin, Chuan-Rui Zhang. Lignans and Neolignans with Antioxidant and Human Cancer Cell Proliferation Inhibitory Activities from Cinnamomum bejolghota Confirm Its Functional Food Property. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020, 68 (33) , 8825-8835. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02885
    4. Yiming Zhou, Yu Chen, You Huang. Divergent Domino Reactions of Prop-2-ynylsulfonium Salts: Access to Sulfur-Containing Benzo-Fused Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and Dihydrofuro[2,3-c]chromenes. Organic Letters 2020, 22 (15) , 5941-5946. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02025
    5. Alfonso Alejo-Armijo, Sofía Salido, Joaquı́n Altarejos. Synthesis of A-Type Proanthocyanidins and Their Analogues: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020, 68 (31) , 8104-8118. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03380
    6. Bin Zhou, Yvette Alania, Mariana C. Reis, James B. McAlpine, Ana K. Bedran-Russo, Guido F. Pauli, Shao-Nong Chen. Rare A-Type, Spiro-Type, and Highly Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins from Pinus massoniana. Organic Letters 2020, 22 (14) , 5304-5308. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01439
    7. Rui Zhang, Chunping Tang, Hong-Chun Liu, Yongmei Ren, Chang-Qiang Ke, Sheng Yao, Yaoyao Cai, Naixia Zhang, Yang Ye. Tetramerized Sesquiterpenoid Ainsliatetramers A and B from Ainsliaea fragrans and Their Cytotoxic Activities. Organic Letters 2019, 21 (20) , 8211-8214. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02909
    8. Xin Liu, Jing Fu, Xiao-Jun Yao, Ji Yang, Liang Liu, Tang-Gui Xie, Ping-Chuan Jiang, Zhi-Hong Jiang, Guo-Yuan Zhu. Phenolic Constituents Isolated from the Twigs of Cinnamomum cassia and Their Potential Neuroprotective Effects. Journal of Natural Products 2018, 81 (6) , 1333-1342. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00924
    9. Shanshan Ma, Aimin Yu, Lei Zhang, Xiangtai Meng. Phosphine-Catalyzed Domino Reaction of Thioaurones and Allenoate: Synthesis of Benzothiophene-Fused Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Derivatives. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2018, 83 (10) , 5410-5419. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.8b00145
    10. Marta K. Dudek, Vitold B. Gliński, Matthew H. Davey, Daniel Sliva, Sławomir Kaźmierski, and Jan A. Gliński . Trimeric and Tetrameric A-Type Procyanidins from Peanut Skins. Journal of Natural Products 2017, 80 (2) , 415-426. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00946
    11. Yifei Wang, Ajay P. Singh, William J. Hurst, Jan A. Glinski, Hyun Koo, and Nicholi Vorsa . Influence of Degree-of-Polymerization and Linkage on the Quantification of Proanthocyanidins using 4-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) Assay. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2016, 64 (11) , 2190-2199. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05408
    12. Tzong-Der Way, Shang-Jie Tsai, Chao-Min Wang, Yun-Lian Jhan, Chi-Tang Ho, and Chang-Hung Chou . Cinnamtannin D1 from Rhododendron formosanum Induces Autophagy via the Inhibition of Akt/mTOR and Activation of ERK1/2 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2015, 63 (48) , 10407-10417. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04375
    13. Ting Wang, Peng Sun, Liang Chen, Qi Huang, Kaixian Chen, Qi Jia, Yiming Li, and Heyao Wang . Cinnamtannin D-1 Protects Pancreatic β-Cells from Palmitic Acid-Induced Apoptosis by Attenuating Oxidative Stress. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2014, 62 (22) , 5038-5045. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf500387d
    14. Pei Chen, Jianghao Sun, and Paul Ford . Differentiation of the Four Major Species of Cinnamons (C. burmannii, C. verum, C. cassia, and C. loureiroi) Using a Flow Injection Mass Spectrometric (FIMS) Fingerprinting Method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2014, 62 (12) , 2516-2521. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf405580c
    15. Huiwen Zhang, Yerigui, Yumei Yang, and Chaomei Ma . Structures and Antioxidant and Intestinal Disaccharidase Inhibitory Activities of A-Type Proanthocyanidins from Peanut Skin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2013, 61 (37) , 8814-8820. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf402518k
    16. Penghua Shu, Xialan Wei, Yongbo Xue, Weijie Li, Jinwen Zhang, Ming Xiang, Mengke Zhang, Zengwei Luo, Yan Li, Guangmin Yao, and Yonghui Zhang . Wilsonols A–L, Megastigmane Sesquiterpenoids from the Leaves of Cinnamomum wilsonii. Journal of Natural Products 2013, 76 (7) , 1303-1312. https://doi.org/10.1021/np4002493
    17. Yu Zeng, Lei Zhao, Kai Wang, Catherine M. G. C. Renard, Carine Le Bourvellec, Zhuoyan Hu, Xuwei Liu. A‐type proanthocyanidins: Sources, structure, bioactivity, processing, nutrition, and potential applications. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2024, 23 (3) https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13352
    18. Nguyen Viet Phong, Pham Van Cong, Byung Sun Min, Seo Young Yang, Jeong Ah Kim. Inhibitory effects of phenylpropanoids and lignans isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia L. on soluble epoxide hydrolase: Spectroscopic, kinetic, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies. Journal of Molecular Structure 2024, 1301 , 137376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.137376
    19. Charles Spence. Cinnamon: The historic spice, medicinal uses, and flavour chemistry. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 2024, 35 , 100858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100858
    20. Wei Zhu, Patricia I. Oteiza. Proanthocyanidins at the gastrointestinal tract: mechanisms involved in their capacity to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2024, 64 (2) , 220-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2105802
    21. Yuzhuo Dong, Kazufumi Toume, Shin Kimijima, Hanpei Zhang, Shu Zhu, Yumin He, Shaoqing Cai, Takuro Maruyama, Katsuko Komatsu. Metabolite profiling of Drynariae Rhizoma using 1H NMR and HPLC coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Journal of Natural Medicines 2023, 77 (4) , 839-857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-023-01726-6
    22. Himanshi Gangwar, Vijay Gahlaut, Ramesh Chauhan, Satbeer Singh, Vandana Jaiswal. Development of species-specific ISSR-derived SCAR marker for early discrimination between Cinnamomum verum and Cinnamomum cassia. Molecular Biology Reports 2023, 50 (8) , 6311-6321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08578-z
    23. Yang Zhao, Chengqing Jiang, Jiaying Lu, Yihan Sun, Yingyu Cui. Research progress of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins. Phytotherapy Research 2023, 37 (6) , 2552-2577. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7850
    24. A. Thahira Banu, Janeline Lunghar. Cinnamon as a potential nutraceutical and functional food ingredient. 2023, 257-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90794-1.00021-1
    25. Xiangzhen Meng, Dong Cheng, Yang Li, XinRun Ji. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,8-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]Nonane Derivatives via I2-Mediated Cascade Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2023, 106 (12) , 1963. https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-23-14891
    26. Li Zhao, Fangfang Yan, Qun Lu, Cuie Tang, Xiaohong Wang, Rui Liu. UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS and NMR identification of structurally different A‐type procyanidins from peanut skin and their inhibitory effect on acrylamide. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2022, 102 (15) , 7062-7071. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12067
    27. Giuseppe Di Pede, Letizia Bresciani, Furio Brighenti, Michael N. Clifford, Alan Crozier, Daniele Del Rio, Pedro Mena. In Vitro Faecal Fermentation of Monomeric and Oligomeric Flavan‐3‐ols: Catabolic Pathways and Stoichiometry. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2022, 66 (21) https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202101090
    28. Maria Bibiana Zapata Londoño, Diego Fernando Uribe Yunda, Johanny Aguillón Osma, Maria Elena Maldonado‐Celis. Coffee, Ginger and Cinnamon. 2022, 404-430. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119804055.ch12
    29. Long Wen, Pan Tang, Hao-Jie Ma, Jin-Yao Ren, Yi Yang, Yan Jiang. GaCl3 catalyzed the cascade Michael/ketalization of o-hydroxychalcones with indoline-2-thiones: For the construction of indole-annulated 2-oxa-8-thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives. Tetrahedron Letters 2022, 106 , 154061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154061
    30. Jingpeng Li, Shuang Wang, Genrui Xu, Xin Cui, Boqin Zi, Teng Liu, Chao Huang. Switchable Synthesis of Cyclohexanedione‐fused 2,8‐Oxaza/2,8‐Dioxa Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and 4‐Substituted 4 H ‐Chromenes by Tunability of the Deamination/Dehydration Process. Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 2022, 11 (3) https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.202100797
    31. Alfonso Alejo‐Armijo, Juan Ortega‐Vidal, Sofía Salido, Joaquín Altarejos. Recovery and Seasonal Variation of Cinnamtannin B‐1 from Laurel ( Laurus nobilis L.) Pruning Wood Wastes. Chemistry & Biodiversity 2022, 19 (2) https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202100807
    32. Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi, A.K.M. Moyeenul Huq, Md Akil Hossain. Role of turmeric and cinnamon spices in digestive, metabolic, and immune systems. 2022, 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821232-5.00027-6
    33. Radina Tokin, Kristian E. H. Frandsen, Johan Ørskov Ipsen, Leila Lo Leggio, Mahesha M. Poojary, Jean‐Guy Berrin, Sacha Grisel, Søren Brander, Poul Erik Jensen, Katja Salomon Johansen. Inhibition of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase by natural plant extracts. New Phytologist 2021, 232 (3) , 1337-1349. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17676
    34. Ayşenur Özgünseven, Burak Barut, Michal Šoral, Suat Sari, Galip Akaydın, Arzu Özel, Didem Şöhretoğlu. Alpha-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibiton of polyphenols isolated from Potentilla speciosa var. speciosa: In vitro and in silico perspectives. Industrial Crops and Products 2021, 170 , 113806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113806
    35. Ali Rahmatpour, Seyed Mehrzad Sajjadinezhad, Ahmad Mirkani, Behrouz Notash. Regioselective synthesis of di-aromatic ring-fused 2,8-dioxa/dithia bicyclo[3,3,1]nonane derivatives via recyclable polymeric Brønsted acid-catalyzed one-pot tandem formation of multiple chemical C–C/C–O and C–C/C–S bonds. Tetrahedron 2021, 95 , 132341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2021.132341
    36. Zhao Qin, Hua-Min Liu, Yu-Xiang Ma, Xue-De Wang. Developments in extraction, purification, and structural elucidation of proanthocyanidins (2000–2019). 2021, 347-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819485-0.00008-6
    37. Qingsong Deng, Xiangtai Meng. Recent Advances in the Cycloaddition Reactions of 2‐Benzylidene‐1‐benzofuran‐3‐ones, and Their Sulfur, Nitrogen and Methylene Analogues. Chemistry – An Asian Journal 2020, 15 (18) , 2838-2853. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.202000550
    38. Verena Spiegler. Anthelmintic A-Type Procyanidins and Further Characterization of the Phenolic Composition of a Root Extract from Paullinia pinnata. Molecules 2020, 25 (10) , 2287. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102287
    39. Ali Rahmatpour. Regioselective condensation of hydroxyaromatic compounds with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran: facile one-pot synthesis of new substituted diaryl-fused 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.2]nonanes comprising central ketal moieties. New Journal of Chemistry 2020, 44 (12) , 4834-4841. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NJ06232G
    40. Shahid Akbar. Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae). 2020, 629-643. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_67
    41. Hung-Lin Kan, Chia-Chi Wang, Yin-Hua Cheng, Chi-Lung Yang, Hsun-Shuo Chang, Ih-Sheng Chen, Ying-Chi Lin. Cinnamtannin B1 attenuates rosacea-like signs via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and down-regulation of the MAPK pathway. PeerJ 2020, 8 , e10548. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10548
    42. Sanjay Kumar, Reshma Kumari, Shailja Mishra. Pharmacological properties and their medicinal uses of Cinnamomum : a review. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2019, 71 (12) , 1735-1761. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13173
    43. Alfonso Alejo-Armijo, Almudena Tello-Abolafia, Sofía Salido, Joaquín Altarejos. PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN LAUREL WOOD: A NEW SOURCE OF PROANTHOCYANIDINS. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 2019, 39 (6) , 436-453. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2019.1636825
    44. Liu Xu, Moying Li, Haifeng Zhou, Bei Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Nina Han, Tong Wu. Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents and rat metabolites of the Wen‐Jing decoction by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Separation Science 2019, 42 (6) , 1174-1193. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201801020
    45. Xin Liu, Ji Yang, Jing Fu, Tang-Gui Xie, Ping-Chuan Jiang, Zhi-Hong Jiang, Guo-Yuan Zhu. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2018, 81 , 45-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2018.09.004
    46. Nayim Sepay, Sumitava Mallik, Chayan Guha, Rina Mondal, Asok K. Mallik. On the regioselectivity of the amberlyst-15 catalyzed condensation of 2-hydroxychalcones and 4,4-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione. Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 2018, 149 (11) , 2113-2121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-018-2258-z
    47. Yanan Zhu, Zhigang Yao, Fan Xu. Cationic-lanthanide-complex-catalyzed reaction of 2-hydroxychalcones with naphthols: Facile synthesis of 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes. Tetrahedron 2018, 74 (31) , 4211-4219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.038
    48. Yindengzhi Guoruoluo, Haofeng Zhou, Wei Wang, Junfei Zhou, Haji Akber Aisa, Guangmin Yao. Chemical constituents from the immature buds of Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2018, 78 , 102-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2018.04.008
    49. Frédéric Canini, Bolin Qin, Nathalie Arvy, Laurent Poulet, Cécile Batandier, Anne-Marie Roussel, Richard A. Anderson, . Stress exposure alters brain mRNA expression of the genes involved in insulin signalling, an effect modified by a high fat/high fructose diet and cinnamon supplement. PLOS ONE 2018, 13 (5) , e0197094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197094
    50. Tri Wiyono, Arief Nurrochmad, Sitarina Widyarini, Nanang Fakhrudin. The tannin content and anti platelet-aggregation activity of Cinnamomum sintoc extract. 2018, 030017. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5062741
    51. Nayim Sepay, Chayan Guha, Sanhita Maity, Asok K. Mallik. Synthesis of 6,12‐Methanobenzo[ d ]pyrano[3,4‐ g ][1,3]dioxocin‐1(12 H )‐ones and Study of Their Interaction with DNA and β‐Lactoglobulin. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017, 2017 (40) , 6013-6022. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201701224
    52. Alfonso Alejo‐Armijo, Nicolás Glibota, María P. Frías, Joaquín Altarejos, Antonio Gálvez, Elena Ortega‐Morente, Sofía Salido. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of procyanidins extracted from laurel wood against a selection of foodborne microorganisms. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 2017, 52 (3) , 679-686. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13321
    53. Xuan Wei, Guo-Hui Li, Xiao-Ling Wang, Ji-Xiang He, Xiao-Ning Wang, Dong-Mei Ren, Hong-Xiang Lou, Tao Shen. Chemical constituents from the leaves of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn. (Lauraceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2017, 70 , 95-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2016.11.004
    54. Gong‐Min Lin, Huan‐You Lin, Chia‐Yun Hsu, Shang‐Tzen Chang. Structural characterization and bioactivity of proanthocyanidins from indigenous cinnamon ( Cinnamomum osmophloeum ). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2016, 96 (14) , 4749-4759. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7802
    55. Peng Sun, Ting Wang, Lu Chen, Bang-wei Yu, Qi Jia, Kai-xian Chen, Hui-min Fan, Yi-ming Li, He-yao Wang. Trimer procyanidin oligomers contribute to the protective effects of cinnamon extracts on pancreatic β-cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2016, 37 (8) , 1083-1090. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2016.29
    56. Kiran S. Panickar, Bolin Qin, Richard A. Anderson. Ischemia-induced endothelial cell swelling and mitochondrial dysfunction are attenuated by cinnamtannin D1, green tea extract, and resveratrol in vitro. Nutritional Neuroscience 2015, 18 (7) , 297-306. https://doi.org/10.1179/1476830514Y.0000000127
    57. Chao-Min Wang, Yuan-Man Hsu, Yun-Lian Jhan, Shang-Jie Tsai, Shi-Xun Lin, Chiu-Hsian Su, Chang-Hung Chou. Structure Elucidation of Procyanidins Isolated from Rhododendron formosanum and Their Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Bacterial Activities. Molecules 2015, 20 (7) , 12787-12803. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200712787
    58. Bolin Qin, Kiran S. Panickar, Richard A. Anderson. Cinnamon polyphenols attenuate the hydrogen peroxide-induced down regulation of S100β secretion by regulating sirtuin 1 in C6 rat glioma cells. Life Sciences 2014, 102 (1) , 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.038
    59. Xiaolong Jiang, Zilan Song, Chang Xu, Qizheng Yao, Ao Zhang. ( D , L )‐10‐Camphorsulfonic‐Acid‐Catalysed Synthesis of Diaryl‐Fused 2,8‐Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes from 2‐Hydroxychalcones and Naphthol Derivatives. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2014, 2014 (2) , 418-425. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201301295
    60. Marta K. Dudek (Jamróz), Sławomir Kaźmierski, Kamil Stefaniak, Vitold B. Gliński, Jan. A. Gliński. Conformational equilibria in selected A-type trimeric procyanidins. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2014, 12 (48) , 9837-9844. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4OB02086C
    61. Liang Chen, Yang Yang, Pulong Yuan, Yifu Yang, Kaixian Chen, Qi Jia, Yiming Li, . Immunosuppressive Effects of A‐Type Procyanidin Oligomers from Cinnamomum tamala. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 2014 (1) https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/365258
    62. Richard A. Anderson, Bolin Qin, Frederic Canini, Laurent Poulet, Anne Marie Roussel, . Cinnamon Counteracts the Negative Effects of a High Fat/High Fructose Diet on Behavior, Brain Insulin Signaling and Alzheimer-Associated Changes. PLoS ONE 2013, 8 (12) , e83243. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083243

    Journal of Natural Products

    Cite this: J. Nat. Prod. 2011, 74, 9, 1833–1841
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/np1007944
    Published August 29, 2011
    Copyright © 2011 The American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy

    Article Views

    2361

    Altmetric

    -

    Citations

    Learn about these metrics

    Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.

    Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

    The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.