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ZnO-Based Imine-Linked Coupled Biocompatible Chemosensor for Nanomolar Detection of Co2+

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† Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Panjab, India 140001
‡ Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014
*E-mail: [email protected] (N.S.). Phone: +91-1881-242176 (N.S.).
*E-mail: [email protected] (N.K.). Phone: +91-1722534464 (N.K.).
Cite this: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2013, 1, 12, 1600–1608
Publication Date (Web):September 17, 2013
https://doi.org/10.1021/sc400250s
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society
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    A sol–gel process is developed for the synthesis of ZnO crystals at room temperature using organic receptors (bearing imine linkages) as the capping agents to control the size and shape of ZnO. The size and morphology of ZnO are characterized with X-ray diffraction, TEM, SEM, and DLS studies. The decoration of imine-linked receptors on the surface of ZnO is characterized with IR and NMR spectroscopy and confirmed with EDX analysis. The XRD results show that the average crystallite size of ZnO is 13.8 nm with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that surface-coated ZnO possesses fewer surface defects than the usual bulk ZnO. The imine-linked receptor-coated ZnO (sensor) was tested for recognition of various metal ions; however, the sensor was found to be selective for Co2+ in the DMSO/H2O (8:2; v/v) solvent system. The successive addition of Co2+ to the solution of the sensor quenches the fluorescence intensity at 445 nm with enhancement at 353 nm. This leads to the development of a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for the recognition of Co2+ in a semi-aqueous solvent system with a detection limit of 0.4 nM. To the best of our knowledge, this manuscript represents the first ZnO-based imine-linked coupled biocompatible chemosensor for nanomolar detection of Co2+.

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    Possible modes of binding between ZnO and receptor 1, comparison of literature reported sensors with the present work, and optimization parameters of 1, 2, and ZnO. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, solid state absorption, and emission spectra of receptor 1 and 2. SEM and EDAX analysis of receptor 2, after heating at 500 °C for 1 h, and the Co2+ complex of 2. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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