ACS Publications. Most Trusted. Most Cited. Most Read

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Publications
CONTENT TYPES

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2008, 21, 2, 494-502
RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT

A Comparison of Mainstream and Sidestream Marijuana and Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Produced under Two Machine Smoking Conditions

View Author Information
Safe Environments Programme, Tobacco Control Programme, and Drug Strategy and Controlled Substances Programme, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9, and Labstat International Inc., Kitchener, ON, Canada N2C 1L3
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 613-957-4185 . Fax: 613-957-8800. E-mail: [email protected]
†Safe Environments Programme, Health Canada.
‡Labstat International Inc.
§Tobacco Control Programme, Health Canada.
△Drug Strategy and Controlled Substances Programme, Health Canada.
Cite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2008, 21, 2, 494–502
Publication Date (Web):December 7, 2007
https://doi.org/10.1021/tx700275p
Copyright © Published 2008 by the American Chemical Society
Request reuse permissions

    Article Views

    25249

    Altmetric

    -

    Citations

    332
    LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICS
    Read OnlinePDF (494 KB)
    Get e-Alerts
    SUBJECTS:

    Abstract

    Abstract Image

    The chemical composition of tobacco smoke has been extensively examined, and the presence of known and suspected carcinogens in such smoke has contributed to the link between tobacco smoking and adverse health effects. The consumption of marijuana through smoking remains a reality and, among youth, seems to be increasing. There have been only limited examinations of marijuana smoke, including for cannabinoid content and for tar generation. There have not been extensive studies of the chemistry of marijuana smoke, especially in direct comparison to tobacco smoke. In this study, a systematic comparison of the smoke composition of both mainstream and sidestream smoke from marijuana and tobacco cigarettes prepared in the same way and consumed under two sets of smoking conditions, was undertaken. This study examined the suite of chemicals routinely analyzed in tobacco smoke. As expected, the results showed qualitative similarities with some quantitative differences. In this study, ammonia was found in mainstream marijuana smoke at levels up to 20-fold greater than that found in tobacco. Hydrogen cyanide, NO, NOx, and some aromatic amines were found in marijuana smoke at concentrations 3–5 times those found in tobacco smoke. Mainstream marijuana smoke contained selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at concentrations lower than those found in mainstream tobacco smoke, while the reverse was the case for sidestream smoke, with PAHs present at higher concentrations in marijuana smoke. The confirmation of the presence, in both mainstream and sidestream smoke of marijuana cigarettes, of known carcinogens and other chemicals implicated in respiratory diseases is important information for public health and communication of the risk related to exposure to such materials.

    Cited By

    This article is cited by 332 publications.

    1. Abel S. Huang, Morgan B. C. Murphy, Peyton Jacob, Suzaynn F. Schick. PM2.5 Concentrations in the Smoking Lounge of a Cannabis Store. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 2022, 9 (6) , 551-556. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00148
    2. Charles McDaniel, Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati, Amber Wise. Metals in Cannabis Vaporizer Aerosols: Sources, Possible Mechanisms, and Exposure Profiles. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2021, 34 (11) , 2331-2342. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00230
    3. Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati, Charles McDaniel, Amber R. Wise. Strategies for Nonpolar Aerosol Collection and Heavy Metals Analysis of Inhaled Cannabis Products. ACS Omega 2021, 6 (26) , 17126-17135. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02740
    4. Jiries Meehan-Atrash, Wentai Luo, Kevin J. McWhirter, Robert M. Strongin. Aerosol Gas-Phase Components from Cannabis E-Cigarettes and Dabbing: Mechanistic Insight and Quantitative Risk Analysis. ACS Omega 2019, 4 (14) , 16111-16120. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b02301
    5. Binnian Wei, Danielle Smith, Richard O’Connor, Mark J. Travers, Andrew Hyland. Examining the Association between Body Burdens of Harmful Chemicals and Heaviness of Marijuana Smoking. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2018, 31 (8) , 643-645. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00160
    6. Chen Wang, Douglas B. Collins, Rachel F. Hems, Nadine Borduas, María Antiñolo, Jonathan P.D. Abbatt. Exploring Conditions for Ultrafine Particle Formation from Oxidation of Cigarette Smoke in Indoor Environments. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 52 (8) , 4623-4631. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06608
    7. Hailey L. Gahlon, Louis J. Romano, and David Rueda . Influence of DNA Lesions on Polymerase-Mediated DNA Replication at Single-Molecule Resolution. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2017, 30 (11) , 1972-1983. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00224
    8. Jiries Meehan-Atrash, Wentai Luo, and Robert M. Strongin . Toxicant Formation in Dabbing: The Terpene Story. ACS Omega 2017, 2 (9) , 6112-6117. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01130
    9. Binnian Wei, Lanqing Wang, and Benjamin C. Blount . Analysis of Cannabinoids and Their Metabolites in Human Urine. Analytical Chemistry 2015, 87 (20) , 10183-10187. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02603
    10. Bo Gao, Xueqing Du, Xinming Wang, Jianhui Tang, Xiang Ding, Yanli Zhang, Xinhui Bi, and Gan Zhang . Parent, Alkylated, and Sulfur/Oxygen-Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mainstream Smoke from 13 Brands of Chinese Cigarettes. Environmental Science & Technology 2015, 49 (15) , 9012-9019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01108
    11. Peyton Jacob, III, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Christopher M. Havel, Suzaynn F. Schick, and Neal L. Benowitz . Nicotelline: A Proposed Biomarker and Environmental Tracer for Particulate Matter Derived from Tobacco Smoke. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2013, 26 (11) , 1615-1631. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx400094y
    12. Susan C. Tilton, Norman J. Karin, Bobbie-Jo M. Webb-Robertson, Katrina M. Waters, Vladimir Mikheev, K. Monica Lee, Richard A. Corley, Joel G. Pounds, and Diana J. Bigelow . Impaired Transcriptional Response of the Murine Heart to Cigarette Smoke in the Setting of High Fat Diet and Obesity. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2013, 26 (7) , 1034-1042. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx400078b
    13. T. J. Fleming J. T. F. Ashley . Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Residues on Tobacco Smokers’ Hands: Potential Vector for Exposure to Non-Smokers. 2013, 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1149.ch005
    14. Sébastien Schramm, Vincent Carré, Jean-Luc Scheffler, and Frédéric Aubriet . Analysis of Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Particulate Matter by Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 2011, 83 (1) , 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac1019842
    15. Kelemu Lemma and Michael T. Ashby. Reactive Sulfur Species: Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction of Hypothiocyanous Acid with Cyanide To Give Dicyanosulfide in Aqueous Solution. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2009, 22 (9) , 1622-1628. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx900212r
    16. Rebecca M. Maertens, Paul A. White, William Rickert, Genevieve Levasseur, George R. Douglas, Pascale V. Bellier, James P. McNamee, Vidya Thuppal, Mike Walker and Suzanne Desjardins. The Genotoxicity of Mainstream and Sidestream Marijuana and Tobacco Smoke Condensates. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2009, 22 (8) , 1406-1414. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx9000286
    17. Rajinder Singh, Jatinderpal Sandhu, Balvinder Kaur, Tina Juren, William P. Steward, Dan Segerbäck and Peter B. Farmer . Evaluation of the DNA Damaging Potential of Cannabis Cigarette Smoke by the Determination of Acetaldehyde Derived N2-Ethyl-2′-deoxyguanosine Adducts. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2009, 22 (6) , 1181-1188. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx900106y
    18. Tunga Salthammer. The legalization of cannabis may result in increased indoor exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2024, 464 , 132949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132949
    19. Zila M. Sanchez, Manuel Isorna Folgar, João Pedro Matias, Marcos Paulo Pimentel, Gregor Burkhart. Framing substance use as “recreational” is neither accurate nor helpful for prevention purposes. Journal of Prevention 2023, 44 (6) , 795-811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-023-00745-z
    20. Andreas Katsimpris, Sebastian-Edgar Baumeister, Hansjörg Baurecht, Andrew J. Tatham, Michael Nolde. Cannabis use and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Scientific Reports 2023, 13 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45872-z
    21. Chander Singh, Komal Rao, Nikita Yadav, Yogesh Vashist, Palak Chugh, Nidhi Bansal, Neha Minocha. Current Cannabidiol Safety: A Review. Current Drug Safety 2023, 18 (4) , 465-473. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574886317666220902100511
    22. Flavia Padoan, Chiara Colombrino, Francesca Sciorio, Giorgio Piacentini, Rossella Gaudino, Angelo Pietrobelli, Luca Pecoraro. Concerns Related to the Consequences of Pediatric Cannabis Use: A 360-Degree View. Children 2023, 10 (11) , 1721. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111721
    23. Thomas Rotering, Stella Bialous, Dorie Apollonio. Cannabis industry campaign expenditures in Colorado, 2005-2021. International Journal of Drug Policy 2023, 119 , 104156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104156
    24. Ami E. Sedani, Janis E. Campbell, Laura A. Beebe. Cannabis use among cancer survivors in 22 states: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020. Cancer 2023, 129 (16) , 2499-2513. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.34793
    25. Donald P. Tashkin, Igor Barjaktarevic. Marijuana Use as a Risk Factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Not There Yet. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2023, 208 (4) , 501-502. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202303-0404LE
    26. Milica Lučić, Milan Momčilović, Jelena Marković, Mihajlo Jović, Ivana Smičiklas, Antonije Onjia. Monte Carlo simulation of health risk from cadmium, lead, and nickel in cigarettes. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 2023, 105 (1-7) , 92-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2023.2177291
    27. Jonathan P. Caulkins, Kristina Vaia Reimer. When prohibition works: Comparing fireworks and cannabis regulations, markets, and harms. International Journal of Drug Policy 2023, 118 , 104081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104081
    28. Katlyn E. McGraw, Anne E. Nigra, Joshua Klett, Marisa Sobel, Elizabeth C. Oelsner, Ana Navas-Acien, Xin Hu, Tiffany R. Sanchez. Blood and Urinary Metal Levels among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005–2018). Environmental Health Perspectives 2023, 131 (8) https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12074
    29. Ioana Creanga-Murariu, Leontina Elena Filipiuc, Magda Cuciureanu, Bogdan-Ionel Tamba, Teodora Alexa-Stratulat. Should oncologists trust cannabinoids?. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023, 14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1211506
    30. Mahmoud Rouabhia, Marilou Piché, Christina Hazzi, Marie-Noëlle Corriveau, Jamila Chakir. Effect of cannabis smoke condensate on human nasal epithelial cell adhesion, growth, and migration. American Journal of Otolaryngology 2023, 44 (4) , 103890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103890
    31. Richard Holdman. Evidence of Health Effects Associated with Marijuana Use: A Comprehensive Public Health Review. 2023https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106250
    32. Yasmin Alkhlaif, Keith L. Shelton. Assessment of Abuse-Related Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Nicotine Aerosol in Rodents. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2023, 385 (3) , 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.122.001520
    33. Tavechai Pholsiri, Wisarut Khamcharoen, Sornkanok Vimolmangkang, Weena Siangproh, Orawon Chailapakul. Paper-based electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of salivary Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol and thiocyanate to differentiate illegal cannabis smokers. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2023, 383 , 133571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2023.133571
    34. Renee D. Goodwin, Katarzyna Wyka, Man Luo, Andrea H. Weinberger, Meyer Kattan. Cannabis legalization and childhood asthma in the United States: An ecologic analysis. Preventive Medicine 2023, 170 , 107414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107414
    35. Matteo Scopetti, Martina Padovano, Michela Peruch, Monica Concato, Tommaso Livieri, Davide Radaelli, Stefano D’Errico. Recreational Cannabis Use: Regulatory Aspects, Public Opinion and Concerns for Public Health. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2023, 24 (6) , 728-740. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201023666220820160602
    36. H. Clarke, M. Fitzcharles. The evolving culture of medical cannabis in Canada for the management of chronic pain. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023, 14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1153584
    37. Natasha E. Wade, Connor J. McCabe, Alexander L. Wallace, Marybel R. Gonzalez, Eunha Hoh, M. Alejandra Infante, Margie Hernandez Mejia, Frank Haist. Clouding Up Cognition? Secondhand Cannabis and Tobacco Exposure Related to Cognitive Functioning in Youth. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science 2023, 3 (2) , 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.01.010
    38. Alexandre Vallée. Association between lifetime cannabis use and arterial stiffness in a middle-aged general population. Journal of Hypertension 2023, 41 (4) , 658-669. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000003389
    39. Luke Murtha, Paul Sathiadoss, Jean-Paul Salameh, Matthew D. F. Mcinnes, Giselle Revah. Chest CT Findings in Marijuana Smokers. Radiology 2023, 307 (1) https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.212611
    40. Amanda H.X. Lee, Emmanuel K. Tse, Thomas E. Nightingale, Rahul Sachdeva, Matthias Walter, Andrei V. Krassioukov. Cannabis health survey on usage in women with spinal cord injury and knowledge among physicians: A cross-sectional study. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 2023, 46 (2) , 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2022.2038049
    41. Jake M. Najman, Scott Bell, Gail M. Williams, Alexandra M. Clavarino, James G. Scott, Tara R. McGee, Abdullah A. Mamun. Do tobacco and cannabis use and co-use predict lung function: A longitudinal study. Respiratory Medicine 2023, 208 , 107124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107124
    42. Shalini Shah, Eric S Schwenk, Rakesh V Sondekoppam, Hance Clarke, Mark Zakowski, Rachel S Rzasa-Lynn, Brent Yeung, Kate Nicholson, Gary Schwartz, W Michael Hooten, Mark Wallace, Eugene R Viscusi, Samer Narouze. ASRA Pain Medicine consensus guidelines on the management of the perioperative patient on cannabis and cannabinoids. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 2023, 48 (3) , 97-117. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2022-104013
    43. Xiangyuan Zhang, Siwen Leng, Mantang Qiu, Yifan Ding, Lin Zhao, Na Ma, Yue Sun, Zijie Zheng, Shaodong Wang, Yun Li, Xuejun Guo. Chemical fingerprints and implicated cancer risks of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from fine particulate matter deposited in human lungs. Environment International 2023, 173 , 107845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107845
    44. Kelly C. Young‐Wolff, G. Thomas Ray, Stacey E. Alexeeff, Neal Benowitz, Sara R. Adams, Monique B. Does, Nancy Goler, Deborah Ansley, Amy Conway, Lyndsay A. Avalos. Association of cannabis use during pregnancy with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a retrospective cohort study. Addiction 2023, 118 (2) , 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16056
    45. Asma Zafar, Sheema Zaffar, Ab Qayoom Mir, Irfan Jamila, Waseem Yaseen. Heavy Metals and Pesticides on Contaminants of Concern in Cannabis. 2023, 129-142. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5718-4.ch009
    46. Poorni Iyer, Michiko Watanabe, Kristin B Artinger. Emerging understanding of the effects of cannabis use during pregnancy. Birth Defects Research 2023, 115 (2) , 129-132. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2097
    47. Hermann Fromme. Smoking. 2023, 505-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40078-0_9
    48. Sina Dobaradaran, Torsten C. Schmidt, Xenia A.M. Mutke, Gabriel E. De-la-Torre, Ursula Telgheder, Klaus Kerpen, Marcel Plonowski. Aromatic amines leachate from cigarette butts into aquatic environments: Is there risk for water organisms?. Environmental Research 2023, 216 , 114717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114717
    49. Khaled M Hasan. Cannabis Unveiled: An Exploration of Marijuana’s History, Active Compounds, Effects, Benefits, and Risks on Human Health. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 2023, 17 https://doi.org/10.1177/11782218231182553
    50. Ivana Ilić-Savić, Snežana Babac. Voice disorders occurred as a result of the use of psychoactive substances. Bastina 2023, (60) , 539-548. https://doi.org/10.5937/bastina33-40090
    51. Wayne R. Ott, Lance A. Wallace, Kai-Chung Cheng, Lynn M. Hildemann. Measuring PM2.5 concentrations from secondhand tobacco vs. marijuana smoke in 9 rooms of a detached 2-story house. Science of The Total Environment 2022, 852 , 158244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158244
    52. Daniel Dobrin, Angelica Means, Chiao-Wei Cheng, Amanda Adolfo, Shenita Anderson, Umme Shefa Warda, Mary-Lynn Brecht, Mary Rezk-Hanna. Concurrent Hookah (Waterpipe) and Substance Use among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Psychoactives 2022, 1 (2) , 89-101. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives1020010
    53. Vincenzo Nava, Ambrogina Albergamo, Giovanni Bartolomeo, Rossana Rando, Federica Litrenta, Giovanna Lo Vecchio, Mario Concetto Giorgianni, Nicola Cicero. Monitoring Cannabinoids and the Safety of the Trace Element Profile of Light Cannabis sativa L. from Different Varieties and Geographical Origin. Toxics 2022, 10 (12) , 758. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120758
    54. Salomeh Keyhani, Beth E. Cohen, Marzieh Vali, Katherine J. Hoggatt, Dawn M. Bravata, Peter C. Austin, Emily Lum, Deborah S. Hasin, Carl Grunfeld, Michael G. Shlipak. The Heart and Cannabis (THC) Cohort: Differences in Baseline Health and Behaviors by Cannabis Use. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2022, 37 (14) , 3535-3544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07302-6
    55. Donald P. Tashkin, Wan-Cheng Tan. Inhaled Marijuana and the Lung. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 2022, 10 (11) , 2822-2829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2022.05.009
    56. Manish Joshi, Anita Joshi, Thaddeus Bartter. Marijuana and the Lung. Medical Clinics of North America 2022, 106 (6) , 1093-1107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2022.07.010
    57. Sarah G.M. Benevenuto, Marlise D. Domenico, Victor Y. Yariwake, Clarissa Tavares Dias, Cristiano Mendes-da-Silva, Nilmara de O. Alves, Sofia Ellen da S. Caumo, Pérola Vasconcellos, Damila R. Morais, Marilia S. Cardoso, Janaína Ianicelli, Dunia Waked, Gavin P. Davey, Fabio Boylan, Jose L. Costa, Mariana Matera Veras. Prenatal exposure to Cannabis smoke induces early and lasting damage to the brain. Neurochemistry International 2022, 160 , 105406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105406
    58. Osika Tripathi, Alexander Ivan B. Posis, Caroline A. Thompson, Jason Ferris, Blake Anuskiewicz, Benjamin Nguyen, Sandy Liles, Vincent Berardi, Shu-Hong Zhu, Adam Winstock, John Bellettiere. In-Home Cannabis Smoking Among a Cannabis-Using Convenience Sample from the Global Drug Survey: With Weighted Estimates for U.S. Respondents. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2022, https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2022.0139
    59. Louis Bengyella, Mohammed Kuddus, Piyali Mukherjee, Dobgima J. Fonmboh, John E. Kaminski. Global impact of trace non-essential heavy metal contaminants in industrial cannabis bioeconomy. Toxin Reviews 2022, 41 (4) , 1215-1225. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2021.1992444
    60. P. Pradère, A.M. Ruppert, G. Peiffer, J. Perriot, M. Adler, M. Underner. Cannabis inhalé et poumon, une liaison dangereuse ?. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 2022, 39 (8) , 708-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2022.08.007
    61. Susanne Tanski, Michael J. Halenar, Kathryn C. Edwards, Jennifer Emond, Steven Woloshin, Mary Brunette, Lisa Schwartz, Kristie A. Taylor, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Ray Niaura, Gabriella Anic, Yanling Chen, Priscilla Callahan-Lyon, Lisa D. Gardner, Theresa Thekkudan, Nicolette Borek, Heather L. Kimmel, K. Michael Cummings, Andrew Hyland, James Sargent. Tobacco Product Use and Functionally Important Respiratory Symptoms Among US Adolescents/Young Adults. Academic Pediatrics 2022, 22 (6) , 1006-1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2022.03.001
    62. Sina Dobaradaran, Xenia A.M. Mutke, Torsten C. Schmidt, Philipp Swiderski, Gabriel E. De-la-Torre, Maik A. Jochmann. Aromatic amines contents of cigarette butts: Fresh and aged cigarette butts vs unsmoked cigarette. Chemosphere 2022, 301 , 134735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134735
    63. Liudmila B. Masnavieva, Natalia V. Efimova. Indicators of Local and Systemic Immunity of Adolescents under Combined Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke. ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT 2022, , 57-63. https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-8-57-63
    64. Yupeng Li, Stephen S. Hecht. Carcinogenic components of tobacco and tobacco smoke: A 2022 update. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2022, 165 , 113179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.113179
    65. Brandon McGuinness, Akash Goel, Jerry Chen, David Szalay, Karim Ladha, Murray A Mittleman, John Harlock. The Association of Cannabis Use Disorder with Acute Limb Ischemia and Critical Limb Ischemia. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 2022, 56 (5) , 480-494. https://doi.org/10.1177/15385744221085382
    66. Michael G. Morash, Kelly H. Soanes, John C. Achenbach, Lee D. Ellis. Assessing the Morphological and Behavioral Toxicity of Catechol Using Larval Zebrafish. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2022, 23 (14) , 7985. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147985
    67. Angelo Cecinato, Alessandro Bacaloni, Paola Romagnoli, Mattia Perilli, Catia Balducci. Indexes of tobacco smoke contribution to environmental particulates based on molecular fingerprints of alkanes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2022, 29 (28) , 43048-43057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16617-0
    68. Adam B. Johnson, George S. Wang, Karen Wilson, David M. Cline, Timothy E. Craven, Sarah Slaven, Vidya Raghavan, Rakesh D. Mistry. Association between secondhand marijuana smoke and respiratory infections in children. Pediatric Research 2022, 91 (7) , 1769-1774. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-021-01641-0
    69. Maryam Elhabashy, Lilianna Phan, Kristen R. Hamilton-Moseley, Aaron Broun, Danielle A. Duarte, Aniruddh Ajith, Bambi Jewett, Erin L. Mead-Morse, Kelvin Choi, Julia Chen-Sankey. Exploring the Experiences and Perceptions of Cigar Craving and Addiction among Young Adult Black Cigar Smokers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, 19 (11) , 6680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116680
    70. Theodore P. Klupinski, Robert A. Moyer, Po-Hsu Allen Chen, Erich D. Strozier, Stephanie S. Buehler, David A. Friedenberg, Bartosz Koszowski. A procedure to detect and identify specific chemicals of potential inhalation toxicity concern in aerosols. Inhalation Toxicology 2022, 34 (5-6) , 120-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2022.2051646
    71. Katie A. Wilson, Ye Eun Rebecca Jeong, Stacey D. Wetmore. Multiscale computational investigations of the translesion synthesis bypass of tobacco-derived DNA adducts: critical insights that complement experimental biochemical studies. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2022, 24 (18) , 10667-10683. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP00481J
    72. Amy M. Cohn, Sixia Chen. Age groups differences in the prevalence and popularity of individual tobacco product use in young adult and adult marijuana and tobacco co-users and tobacco-only users: Findings from Wave 4 of the population assessment of tobacco and health study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2022, 233 , 109278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109278
    73. Thomas Rotering, Dorie E Apollonio. Cannabis industry lobbying in the Colorado state legislature in fiscal years 2010–2021. International Journal of Drug Policy 2022, 102 , 103585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103585
    74. Seyed Sajad Sohrabi, Marzieh Rashidipour, Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi, Morteza Hadizadeh, Mohammad‐Hossein Shams, Mohsen Mohammadi. Genome-wide evaluation of transcriptomic responses of human tissues to smoke: A systems biology study. Gene 2022, 820 , 146114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2021.146114
    75. Pete Driezen, Pamela Kaufman, Michael Chaiton, Samantha Goodman, David Hammond. Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke in the United States and Canada in 2019. Preventive Medicine 2022, 157 , 107006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107006
    76. Noof Aloufi, Yoon Namkung, Hussein Traboulsi, Emily T. Wilson, Stephane A. Laporte, Barbara L.F. Kaplan, Matthew K. Ross, Parameswaran Nair, David H. Eidelman, Carolyn J. Baglole. Standardized Cannabis Smoke Extract Induces Inflammation in Human Lung Fibroblasts. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022, 13 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.852029
    77. Farshid Soleimani, Sina Dobaradaran, Gabriel E. De-la-Torre, Torsten C. Schmidt, Reza Saeedi. Content of toxic components of cigarette, cigarette smoke vs cigarette butts: A comprehensive systematic review. Science of The Total Environment 2022, 813 , 152667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152667
    78. John Bellettiere, Sandy Liles, Alexander Ivan B. Posis, Blake Anuskiewicz, Osika Tripathi, Benjamin Nguyen, Paul Chavez, Shu-Hong Zhu, Ji-Yeun Park, Adam Winstock, Jason Ferris. In-home cannabis smoking more prevalent than in-home tobacco smoking among 2019 Global Drug Survey respondents. Addictive Behaviors 2022, 125 , 107130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107130
    79. Kristen Yeh, Li Li, Frank Wania, Jonathan P.D. Abbatt. Thirdhand smoke from tobacco, e-cigarettes, cannabis, methamphetamine and cocaine: Partitioning, reactive fate, and human exposure in indoor environments. Environment International 2022, 160 , 107063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.107063
    80. Risa Robinson, Edward Hensel. Combustible and Electronic Cigarette Usage, Puff Protocols and Topography Standards. 2022, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_47-1
    81. Risa Robinson, Edward Hensel. Combustible and Electronic Cigarette Usage, Puff Protocols, and Topography Standards. 2022, 873-897. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_47
    82. Peter K. Yang, Erika C. Odom, Roshni Patel, Fleetwood Loustalot, Sallyann Coleman King. Nonmedical Marijuana Use and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review. Public Health Reports 2022, 137 (1) , 62-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354920988285
    83. Christine Studenmund, Jazzmin Williams, Antonio Hernandez, Elda Young, Ying Ying Hui, Edward Cruz, Valerie Gribben. Quality Improvement Approach to Increase Inpatient Pediatric Secondhand Smoke Exposure Screening. Hospital Pediatrics 2022, 12 (1) , 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2021-005941
    84. Wayne Robert Ott, Lance Wallace, Kai-Chung Cheng, Lynn M. Hildemann. Measuring Pm2.5 Concentrations from Secondhand Tobacco vs. Marijuana Smoke in 9 Rooms of a Detached, 2-Story House. SSRN Electronic Journal 2022, 125 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4101013
    85. Alison Bauer, Katelyn Siegrist, Melanie Wolff, Lindsey Nield, Thomas Brüning, Brad Upham, Heiko Käfferlein, Sabine Plöttner. The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Toxics 2022, 10 (1) , 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010028
    86. Stephanie L. Clendennen,, Shazia Rangwala,, Aslesha Sumbe,, Kathleen R. Case,, Anna V. Wilkinson,, Alexandra Loukas,, Melissa B. Harrell,. Understanding college students’ experiences using e-cigarettes and marijuana through qualitative interviews. Journal of American College Health 2021, 28 , 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1998073
    87. Eunice Fabian-Morales, Carmen Fernández-Cáceres, Adriana Gudiño, Marco A. Andonegui Elguera, Karla Torres-Arciga, Marco Armando Escobar Arrazola, Laura Tolentino García, Yair E. Alfaro Mora, Diego A. Oliva-Rico, Rodrigo E. Cáceres Gutiérrez, Julieta Domínguez Ortíz, Clementina Castro Hernández, Luis A. Herrera Montalvo, David Bruno Díaz-Negrete, Nancy Reynoso-Noverón. Genotoxicity of Marijuana in Mono-Users. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2021, 12 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.753562
    88. Alan G. Kaplan. Cannabis and Lung Health: Does the Bad Outweigh the Good?. Pulmonary Therapy 2021, 7 (2) , 395-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-021-00171-8
    89. Thomas L. Rotering, Lauren K. Lempert, Stanton A. Glantz. Emerging Indoor Air Laws for Onsite Cannabis Consumption Businesses in the U.S.. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2021, 61 (6) , e267-e278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.012
    90. Wen Qi Gan, Jane A. Buxton, Frank X. Scheuermeyer, Heather Palis, Bin Zhao, Roshni Desai, Naveed Z. Janjua, Amanda K. Slaunwhite. Risk of cardiovascular diseases in relation to substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2021, 229 , 109132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109132
    91. Adam B. Johnson, Dana B. Watson. Are marijuana-using caregivers being asked about their marijuana use by their child’s pediatrician?. Preventive Medicine Reports 2021, 24 , 101548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101548
    92. Daniel B. Rosoff, Joyce Yoo, Falk W. Lohoff. Smoking is significantly associated with increased risk of COVID-19 and other respiratory infections. Communications Biology 2021, 4 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02685-y
    93. Amy M Cohn, Benjamin C Blount, Mia Hashibe. Nonmedical Cannabis Use: Patterns and Correlates of Use, Exposure, and Harm, and Cancer Risk. JNCI Monographs 2021, 2021 (58) , 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/jncimonographs/lgab006
    94. Gillian L Schauer. Cannabis Policy in the United States: Implications for Public Health. JNCI Monographs 2021, 2021 (58) , 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/jncimonographs/lgab016
    95. Neftaha Tazi, Xavier Pigeon, Jérôme Mulamba Mbuyi-Boisvert, Simon Giret, François Béland, Mahmoud Rouabhia. Effect of Cannabis Smoke Condensate on C. albicans Growth and Biofilm Formation. Microorganisms 2021, 9 (11) , 2348. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112348
    96. Bobby K. Brar, Pooja S. Patil, David N. Jackson, Michael O. Gardner, James M. Alexander, Nora M. Doyle. Effect of intrauterine marijuana exposure on fetal growth patterns and placental vascular resistance. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2021, 34 (20) , 3330-3334. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1683541
    97. James Siklos-Whillans, Alia Bacchus, Laurie A. Manwell. A Scoping Review of the Use of Cannabis and Its Extracts as Potential Harm Reduction Strategies: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Research. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2021, 19 (5) , 1527-1550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00244-w
    98. G. Amendola, B. Bocca, V. Picardo, P. Pelosi, B. Battistini, F. Ruggieri, D. Attard Barbini, D. De Vita, V.N. Madia, A. Messore, R. Di Santo, R. Costi. Toxicological aspects of cannabinoid, pesticide and metal levels detected in light Cannabis inflorescences grown in Italy. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2021, 156 , 112447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112447
    99. Ioannis Tsakiridis, Artemis Christina Oikonomidou, Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi, Themistoklis Dagklis, Georgios Papazisis, Michail Chourdakis. Substance Use During Pregnancy: A Comparative Review of Major Guidelines. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 2021, 76 (10) , 634-643. https://doi.org/10.1097/OGX.0000000000000943
    100. J. Lee Westmaas, Sara E. Strollo, Christina C. Newton, Brian D. Carter, W. Ryan Diver, W. Dana Flanders, Victoria L. Stevens, Alpa V. Patel, Kassandra I. Alcaraz, Johannes Thrul, Eric J. Jacobs. Association between Smoking Cannabis and Quitting Cigarettes in a Large American Cancer Society Cohort. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2021, 30 (10) , 1956-1964. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1810
    Load more citations
    Download PDF

    Pair your accounts.

    Export articles to Mendeley

    Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

    Pair your accounts.

    Export articles to Mendeley

    Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

    You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley!

    STEP 1:
    Click to create an ACS ID

    Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

    Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

    Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

    MENDELEY PAIRING EXPIRED
    Your Mendeley pairing has expired. Please reconnect