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    Mechanisms Related to the Genotoxicity of Particles in the Subway and from Other Sources
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    Unit for Analytical Toxicology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden, and Unit of Medical Radiation Biology, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
    * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Professor Lennart Möller, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: +46 8 608 91 89 . Fax: + 46 8 774 68 3. E-mail: [email protected]
    †Unit for Analytical Toxicology.
    ‡Unit of Medical Radiation Biology.
    §Current address: Roche AB, P.O. Box 47327, SE-100 74 Stockholm, Sweden.
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    Chemical Research in Toxicology

    Cite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2008, 21, 3, 726–731
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/tx7003568
    Published February 9, 2008
    Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
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    Negative health effects of airborne particles have clearly been shown in epidemiological studies. People get exposed to particles from various sources such as the combustion of, for example, diesel and wood and also from particles arising from tire-road wear. Another source of importance for certain populations is exposure to particles in subway systems. We recently reported that these particles were more genotoxic when compared to that of several other particle types. The aim of this study was to further investigate and compare the toxicity of subway particles and particles from other sources as well as investigate some mechanisms behind the genotoxicity of subway particles. This was done by comparing the ability of subway particles and particles from a street, pure tire-road wear particles, and particles from wood and diesel combustion to cause mitochondrial depolarization and to form intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the genotoxicity and ability to cause oxidative stress was compared to magnetite particles since this is a main component in subway particles. It was concluded that the subway particles and also street particles and particles from wood and diesel combustion caused mitochondrial depolarization. The ability to damage the mitochondria is thus not the only explanation for the high genotoxicity of subway particles. Subway particles also formed intracellular ROS. This effect may be part of the explanation as to why subway particles show such high genotoxicity when compared to that of other particles. Genotoxicity can, however, not be explained by the main component, magnetite, by water-soluble metals, or by intracellular mobilized iron. The genotoxicity is most likely caused by highly reactive surfaces giving rise to oxidative stress.

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    Cite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2008, 21, 3, 726–731
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/tx7003568
    Published February 9, 2008
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