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Rethinking Data Collection and Signal Processing. 1. Real-Time Oversampling Filter for Chemical Measurements

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    Rethinking Data Collection and Signal Processing. 1. Real-Time Oversampling Filter for Chemical Measurements
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    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
    *Fax: 520-621-8407. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Analytical Chemistry

    Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 19, 8422–8426
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/ac302169y
    Published September 14, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Minimizing noise in chemical measurements is critical to achieve low limits of detection and accurate measurements. We describe a real-time oversampling filter that offers a method to reduce stochastic noise in a time-dependent chemical measurement. The power of this technique is demonstrated in its application to the separation of dopamine and serotonin by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with amperometric detection. Signal-to-noise ratios were increased by almost an order of magnitude, allowing for limits of detection of 100 and 120 amol, respectively. Real-time oversampling filters can be implemented using simple software algorithms and require no change to existing experimental apparatus. The application is not limited to analytical separations, and this technique can be used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in any experiment where the necessary sampling rate is less than the maximum sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter. Theory, implementation, and the performance of this filter are described. We propose that this technique should be the default mode of operation for an analog-to-digital converter.

    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society

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    Additional materials including microfluidic device fabrication procedures, noise spectrum for the amperometric detector, noise histogram analysis, and software description and instruction. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Analytical Chemistry

    Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 19, 8422–8426
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/ac302169y
    Published September 14, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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