logo

OR SEARCH CITATIONS

My Activity
Recently Viewed
You have not visited any articles yet, Please visit some articles to see contents here.
Publications
CONTENT TYPES

Figure 1Loading Img
Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 17, 9644-9651
RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT

Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes: Key Parameters Affecting the Release of Harmful Chemicals

View Author Information
† Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
‡ Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Université Clermont Auvergne, Sigma-Clermont, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
§ ICCF, UMR 6296, CNRS, F-63178 Aubière, France
∥ División Química de la Remediación Ambiental, CNEA-CONICET, Avenida Gral. Paz, (1650) San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
⊥ Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de General San Martín, Campus Miguelete, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, (1650) San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
*E-mail: [email protected]; phone: (510) 486-5897.
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 17, 9644–9651
Publication Date (Web):July 27, 2016
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01741
Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
Article Views
5835
Altmetric
-
Citations
200
LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICS

Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.

Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.

The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.

Read OnlinePDF (1 MB)
Get e-Alerts
Supporting Info (1)»
SUBJECTS:

Abstract

Abstract Image

Use of electronic cigarettes has grown exponentially over the past few years, raising concerns about harmful emissions. This study quantified potentially toxic compounds in the vapor and identified key parameters affecting emissions. Six principal constituents in three different refill “e-liquids” were propylene glycol (PG), glycerin, nicotine, ethanol, acetol, and propylene oxide. The latter, with mass concentrations of 0.4–0.6%, is a possible carcinogen and respiratory irritant. Aerosols generated with vaporizers contained up to 31 compounds, including nicotine, nicotyrine, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glycidol, acrolein, acetol, and diacetyl. Glycidol is a probable carcinogen not previously identified in the vapor, and acrolein is a powerful irritant. Emission rates ranged from tens to thousands of nanograms of toxicants per milligram of e-liquid vaporized, and they were significantly higher for a single-coil vs a double-coil vaporizer (by up to an order of magnitude for aldehydes). By increasing the voltage applied to a single-coil device from 3.3 to 4.8 V, the mass of e-liquid consumed doubled from 3.7 to 7.5 mg puff–1 and the total aldehyde emission rates tripled from 53 to 165 μg puff–1, with acrolein rates growing by a factor of 10. Aldehyde emissions increased by more than 60% after the device was reused several times, likely due to the buildup of polymerization byproducts that degraded upon heating. These findings suggest that thermal degradation byproducts are formed during vapor generation. Glycidol and acrolein were primarily produced by glycerin degradation. Acetol and 2-propen-1-ol were produced mostly from PG, while other compounds (e.g., formaldehyde) originated from both. Because emissions originate from reaction of the most common e-liquid constituents (solvents), harmful emissions are expected to be ubiquitous when e-cigarette vapor is present.

Supporting Information

ARTICLE SECTIONS
Jump To

The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01741.

  • Schematic descriptions of the vaporizers used in this study and the vaping machine, trace constituents in e-liquids, emission factors of analytes found in mainstream vapor, mass of e-liquid consumed per puff, analyte concentrations in vapor, and emission factors for experiments using both devices and the CT e-liquid, for the three e-liquids consumed in the EGO clearomizer, and for analytes found in mainstream vapor (PDF)

Terms & Conditions

Electronic Supporting Information files are available without a subscription to ACS Web Editions. The American Chemical Society holds a copyright ownership interest in any copyrightable Supporting Information. Files available from the ACS website may be downloaded for personal use only. Users are not otherwise permitted to reproduce, republish, redistribute, or sell any Supporting Information from the ACS website, either in whole or in part, in either machine-readable form or any other form without permission from the American Chemical Society. For permission to reproduce, republish and redistribute this material, requesters must process their own requests via the RightsLink permission system. Information about how to use the RightsLink permission system can be found at http://pubs.acs.org/page/copyright/permissions.html.

Cited By

This article is cited by 200 publications.

  1. José F. Ureña, Lauren A. Ebersol, Alexey Silakov, Ryan J. Elias, Joshua D. Lambert. Impact of Atomizer Age and Flavor on In Vitro Toxicity of Aerosols from a Third-Generation Electronic Cigarette against Human Oral Cells. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2020, 33 (10) , 2527-2537. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00028
  2. Rachel El-Hage, Ahmad El-Hellani, Rola Salman, Soha Talih, Alan Shihadeh, Najat Aoun Saliba. Vaped Humectants in E-Cigarettes Are a Source of Phenols. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2020, 33 (9) , 2374-2380. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00132
  3. Daniele Zarini, Alessandro Sangion, Emanuele Ferri, Enrico Caruso, Sara Zucchi, Alessandro Orro, Ester Papa. Are In Silico Approaches Applicable As a First Step for the Prediction of e-Liquid Toxicity in e-Cigarettes?. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2020, 33 (9) , 2381-2389. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00136
  4. Soha Talih, Rola Salman, Ebrahim Karam, Mario El-Hourani, Rachel El-Hage, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Ahmad El-Hellani, Najat Saliba, Alan Shihadeh. Hot Wires and Film Boiling: Another Look at Carbonyl Formation in Electronic Cigarettes. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2020, 33 (8) , 2172-2180. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00196
  5. Matt S. Melvin, Karen C. Avery, Regina M. Ballentine, Jason W. Flora, William Gardner, Georgios D. Karles, Yezdi B. Pithawalla, Donna C. Smith, Kimberly D. Ehman, Karl A. Wagner. Formation of Diacetyl and Other α-Dicarbonyl Compounds during the Generation of E-Vapor Product Aerosols. ACS Omega 2020, 5 (28) , 17565-17575. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c02018
  6. Yael-Natalie H. Escobar, Grace Nipp, Tianqu Cui, Sarah S. Petters, Jason D. Surratt, Ilona Jaspers. In Vitro Toxicity and Chemical Characterization of Aerosol Derived from Electronic Cigarette Humectants Using a Newly Developed Exposure System. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2020, 33 (7) , 1677-1688. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00490
  7. Farhana Hasan, Lavrent Khachatryan, Slawo Lomnicki. Comparative Studies of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals on Total Particulate Matter Collected from Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54 (9) , 5710-5718. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00351
  8. Yichen Li, Amanda E. Burns, Guy J.P. Burke, Morgan E. Poindexter, Amy K. Madl, Kent E. Pinkerton, Tran B. Nguyen. Application of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and a Theoretical Model to the Quantification of Multifunctional Carbonyls and Organic Acids in e-Cigarette Aerosol. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54 (9) , 5640-5650. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07387
  9. James Nicol, Rory Fraser, Liam Walker, Chuan Liu, James Murphy, Christopher John Proctor. Comprehensive Chemical Characterization of the Aerosol Emissions of a Vaping Product Based on a New Technology. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2020, 33 (3) , 789-799. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00442
  10. Shigehisa Uchiyama, Mayumi Noguchi, Ayana Sato, Miho Ishitsuka, Yohei Inaba, Naoki Kunugita. Determination of Thermal Decomposition Products Generated from E-Cigarettes. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2020, 33 (2) , 576-583. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00410
  11. Maxim Belushkin, Donatien Tafin Djoko, Marco Esposito, Alexandra Korneliou, Cyril Jeannet, Massimo Lazzerini, Guy Jaccard. Selected Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents Levels in Commercial e-Cigarettes. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2020, 33 (2) , 657-668. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00470
  12. Lucia Cancelada, Mohamad Sleiman, Xiaochen Tang, Marion L. Russell, V. Nahuel Montesinos, Marta I. Litter, Lara A. Gundel, Hugo Destaillats. Heated Tobacco Products: Volatile Emissions and Their Predicted Impact on Indoor Air Quality. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53 (13) , 7866-7876. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02544
  13. Ahmad El-Hellani, Samira Al-Moussawi, Rachel El-Hage, Soha Talih, Rola Salman, Alan Shihadeh, Najat Aoun Saliba. Carbon Monoxide and Small Hydrocarbon Emissions from Sub-ohm Electronic Cigarettes. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2019, 32 (2) , 312-317. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00324
  14. Zachary T. Bitzer, Reema Goel, Samantha M. Reilly, Gurkirat Bhangu, Neil Trushin, Jonathan Foulds, Joshua Muscat, John P. Richie, Jr.. Emissions of Free Radicals, Carbonyls, and Nicotine from the NIDA Standardized Research Electronic Cigarette and Comparison to Similar Commercial Devices. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2019, 32 (1) , 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00235
  15. Yeongkwon Son, Olivia Wackowski, Clifford Weisel, Stephan Schwander, Gediminas Mainelis, Cristine Delnevo, Qingyu Meng. Evaluation of E-Vapor Nicotine and Nicotyrine Concentrations under Various E-Liquid Compositions, Device Settings, and Vaping Topographies. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2018, 31 (9) , 861-868. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00063
  16. Tetiana Korzun, Maryana Lazurko, Ian Munhenzva, Kelley C. Barsanti, Yilin Huang, R. Paul Jensen, Jorge O. Escobedo, Wentai Luo, David H. Peyton, and Robert M. Strongin . E-Cigarette Airflow Rate Modulates Toxicant Profiles and Can Lead to Concerning Levels of Solvent Consumption. ACS Omega 2018, 3 (1) , 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01521
  17. Soha Talih, Rola Salman, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Ahmad El-Hellani, Najat Saliba, Thomas Eissenberg, and Alan Shihadeh . “Juice Monsters”: Sub-Ohm Vaping and Toxic Volatile Aldehyde Emissions. Chemical Research in Toxicology 2017, 30 (10) , 1791-1793. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00212
  18. Skylar Klager, Jose Vallarino, Piers MacNaughton, David C. Christiani, Quan Lu, and Joseph G. Allen . Flavoring Chemicals and Aldehydes in E-Cigarette Emissions. Environmental Science & Technology 2017, 51 (18) , 10806-10813. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02205
  19. Jennifer M. Logue, Mohamad Sleiman, V. Nahuel Montesinos, Marion L. Russell, Marta I. Litter, Neal L. Benowitz, Lara A. Gundel, and Hugo Destaillats . Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes: Assessing Vapers’ Intake of Toxic Compounds, Secondhand Exposures, and the Associated Health Impacts. Environmental Science & Technology 2017, 51 (16) , 9271-9279. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00710
  20. Mumiye A. Ogunwale, Mingxiao Li, Mandapati V. Ramakrishnam Raju, Yizheng Chen, Michael H. Nantz, Daniel J. Conklin, and Xiao-An Fu . Aldehyde Detection in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols. ACS Omega 2017, 2 (3) , 1207-1214. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6b00489
  21. Konstantinos Farsalinos, Gene Gillman, Kurt Kistler, and Nikoletta Yannovits . Comment on “Flavoring Compounds Dominate Toxic Aldehyde Production during E Cigarette Vaping”. Environmental Science & Technology 2017, 51 (4) , 2491-2492. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06030
  22. Andrey Khlystov and Vera Samburova . Response to Comment on “Flavoring Compounds Dominate Toxic Aldehyde Production during E Cigarette Vaping”. Environmental Science & Technology 2017, 51 (4) , 2493-2494. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00163
  23. Andrey Khlystov and Vera Samburova . Flavoring Compounds Dominate Toxic Aldehyde Production during E-Cigarette Vaping. Environmental Science & Technology 2016, 50 (23) , 13080-13085. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05145
  24. Dara Bracken-Clarke, Dhruv Kapoor, Anne Marie Baird, Paul James Buchanan, Kathy Gately, Sinead Cuffe, Stephen P. Finn. Vaping and lung cancer – A review of current data and recommendations. Lung Cancer 2021, 153 , 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.030
  25. Romain Dusautoir, Gianni Zarcone, Marie Verriele, Guillaume Garçon, Isabelle Fronval, Nicolas Beauval, Delphine Allorge, Véronique Riffault, Nadine Locoge, Jean-Marc Lo-Guidice, Sébastien Anthérieu. Comparison of the chemical composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and their toxic impacts on the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 401 , 123417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123417
  26. Karin Rosenkilde Laursen, Jakob Hjort Bønløkke, Elisabeth Bendstrup, Merete Bilde, Marianne Glasius, Vibeke Heitmann Gutzke, Shamjad Puthukkadan Moosakutty, Anna-Carin Olin, Peter Ravn, Kirsten Østergaard, Torben Sigsgaard. An RCT of acute health effects in COPD-patients after passive vape exposure from e-cigarettes. European Clinical Respiratory Journal 2021, 8 (1) , 1861580. https://doi.org/10.1080/20018525.2020.1861580
  27. Muna Barakat, Areej M. Assaf, Raja’a Al-Qudah, Samar Thiab, Manar Alhamed, Hala J. Al-Obaidi, Feras J. Jirjees, Iman Basheti. Perception of adults toward electronic cigarettes: a cross-sectional study from Jordan. Primary Health Care Research & Development 2021, 22 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423621000062
  28. Julia Hoeng, Justyna Szostak, Stéphanie Boué, Christelle Haziza, Manuel C. Peitsch. Smoking-Related Disease Risk Reduction Potential of ENDPs. 2021,,, 461-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820490-0.00023-7
  29. Sandrine Pouly, Christelle Haziza, Michael J. Peck, Manuel C. Peitsch. Clinical Assessment of ENDPs. 2021,,, 385-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820490-0.00020-1
  30. Mark Bentley, Serge Maeder. Quantification of HPHCs in ENDP Aerosols. 2021,,, 41-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820490-0.00004-3
  31. Anthony Cunningham, Kevin McAdam, Jesse Thissen, Helena Digard. The Evolving E-cigarette: Comparative Chemical Analyses of E-cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke. Frontiers in Toxicology 2020, 2 https://doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2020.586674
  32. Jay L. Zweier, Mahmoud T. Shalaan, Alexandre Samouilov, Ibrahim G. Saleh, Mohamed A. El-Mahdy. Whole body electronic cigarette exposure system for efficient evaluation of diverse inhalation conditions and products. Inhalation Toxicology 2020, 32 (13-14) , 477-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2020.1850935
  33. Leon Kosmider, Sharon Cox, Marzena Zaciera, Jolanta Kurek, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Hayden McRobbie, Catherine Kimber, Lynne Dawkins. Daily exposure to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and potential health risk associated with use of high and low nicotine e-liquid concentrations. Scientific Reports 2020, 10 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63292-1
  34. Alexandra Noël, Ekhtear Hossain, Zakia Perveen, Hasan Zaman, Arthur L. Penn. Sub-ohm vaping increases the levels of carbonyls, is cytotoxic, and alters gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed at the air–liquid interface. Respiratory Research 2020, 21 (1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01571-1
  35. E. Papaefstathiou, M. Stylianou, C. Andreou, A. Agapiou. Breath analysis of smokers, non-smokers, and e-cigarette users. Journal of Chromatography B 2020, 1160 , 122349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122349
  36. Koustav Ganguly, Axel Nordström, Tania A. Thimraj, Mizanur Rahman, Malin Ramström, Shanzina I. Sompa, Elizabeth Z. Lin, Fiona O’Brien, Jeremy Koelmel, Lena Ernstgård, Gunnar Johanson, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt, Lena Palmberg, Swapna Upadhyay. Addressing the challenges of E-cigarette safety profiling by assessment of pulmonary toxicological response in bronchial and alveolar mucosa models. Scientific Reports 2020, 10 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77452-w
  37. R. Constance Wiener, Ruchi Bhandari. Association of electronic cigarette use with lead, cadmium, barium, and antimony body burden: NHANES 2015-2016. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2020, 62 , 126602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126602
  38. Vasudha Bansal, Beshare Hashemi, Nadeem Raza, Ki-Hyun Kim, Waseem Raza, Pawan Kumar, Richard J. C. Brown. Review of the Analytical Methods for and Clinical Impact of Additives and Flavors Used in Electronic Cigarettes. Exposure and Health 2020, 12 (4) , 593-615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-019-00331-x
  39. Yong-Hyun Kim, Young-Ji An, Jae-Won Shin. Carbonyl Compounds Containing Formaldehyde Produced from the Heated Mouthpiece of Tobacco Sticks for Heated Tobacco Products. Molecules 2020, 25 (23) , 5612. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235612
  40. Neal L. Benowitz, Gideon St.Helen, Natalie Nardone, Newton Addo, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, Arit M. Harvanko, Carolyn S. Calfee, Peyton Jacob. Twenty‐Four‐Hour Cardiovascular Effects of Electronic Cigarettes Compared With Cigarette Smoking in Dual Users. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020, 9 (23) https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.017317
  41. Vinit V Gholap, Leon Kosmider, Laleh Golshahi, Matthew S Halquist. Nicotine forms: why and how do they matter in nicotine delivery from electronic cigarettes?. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 2020, 17 (12) , 1727-1736. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2020.1814736
  42. Ana Navas-Acien, Irene Martinez-Morata, Markus Hilpert, Ana Rule, Daichi Shimbo, Nancy J. LoIacono. Early Cardiovascular Risk in E-cigarette Users: the Potential Role of Metals. Current Environmental Health Reports 2020, 7 (4) , 353-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-020-00297-y
  43. Liqiao Li, Eon S. Lee, Charlene Nguyen, Yifang Zhu. Effects of propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and nicotine on emissions and dynamics of electronic cigarette aerosols. Aerosol Science and Technology 2020, 54 (11) , 1270-1281. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1771270
  44. Pei‐Hsuan Hung, Matthew Savidge, Mamata De, Jueichuan (Connie) Kang, Sheila M. Healy, Luis G. Valerio. In vitro and in silico genetic toxicity screening of flavor compounds and other ingredients in tobacco products with emphasis on ENDS. Journal of Applied Toxicology 2020, 40 (11) , 1566-1587. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4020
  45. Qutaiba M. Saleh, Edward C. Hensel, Risa J. Robinson. Method for Quantifying Variation in the Resistance of Electronic Cigarette Coils. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17 (21) , 7779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217779
  46. Lisa Miyashita, Gary Foley. E‐cigarettes and respiratory health: the latest evidence. The Journal of Physiology 2020, 598 (22) , 5027-5038. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP279526
  47. Jeroen L A Pennings, Johannes W J M Cremers, Mark J A Becker, Walther N M Klerx, Reinskje Talhout. Aldehyde and Volatile Organic Compound Yields in Commercial Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Are Mutually Related and Depend on the Sugar and Humectant Content in Tobacco. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2020, 22 (10) , 1748-1756. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz203
  48. Elise Hickman, Ilona Jaspers. Current E-Cigarette Research in the Context of Asthma. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2020, 20 (10) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00952-2
  49. Bernhard H. Monien, Klaus Abraham, Tim S. Nawrot, Janneke G.F. Hogervorst. Levels of the hemoglobin adduct N-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-valine in cord and maternal blood: Prenatal transfer of glycidol in the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. Toxicology Letters 2020, 332 , 82-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.013
  50. Laura E. Crotty Alexander, Lorraine B. Ware, Carolyn S. Calfee, Sean J. Callahan, Thomas Eissenberg, Carol Farver, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Ilona Jaspers, Farrah Kheradmand, Talmadge E. King, Jr., Nuala J. Meyer, Vladimir B. Mikheev, Peter G. Shields, Alan Shihadeh, Robert Strongin, Robert Tarran. E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use–associated Lung Injury: Developing a Research Agenda. An NIH Workshop Report. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2020, 202 (6) , 795-802. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201912-2332WS
  51. Hugo Destaillats, Brett Singer, Tunga Salthammer. Does vaping affect indoor air quality?. Indoor Air 2020, 30 (5) , 793-794. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12663
  52. Brittany N. Szafran, Rakeysha Pinkston, Zakia Perveen, Matthew K. Ross, Timothy Morgan, Daniel B. Paulsen, Arthur L. Penn, Barbara L. F. Kaplan, Alexandra Noël. Electronic-Cigarette Vehicles and Flavoring Affect Lung Function and Immune Responses in a Murine Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21 (17) , 6022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176022
  53. Shawna Vreeke, Xijing Zhu, Robert M. Strongin, . A simple predictive model for estimating relative e-cigarette toxic carbonyl levels. PLOS ONE 2020, 15 (8) , e0238172. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238172
  54. Lo Lai, Hongyu Qiu. Biological Toxicity of the Compositions in Electronic-Cigarette on Cardiovascular System. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 2020, 67 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-020-10060-1
  55. Yeongkwon Son, Clifford Weisel, Olivia Wackowski, Stephan Schwander, Cristine Delnevo, Qingyu Meng. The Impact of Device Settings, Use Patterns, and Flavorings on Carbonyl Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17 (16) , 5650. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165650
  56. Adam M. Leventhal, Tyler B. Mason, Matthew G. Kirkpatrick, Marissa K. Anderson, Michael D. Levine. E-cigarette device power moderates the effects of non-tobacco flavors and nicotine on product appeal in young adults. Addictive Behaviors 2020, 107 , 106403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106403
  57. Nathan A. Heldt, Alecia Seliga, Malika Winfield, Sachin Gajghate, Nancy Reichenbach, Xiang Yu, Slava Rom, Amogha Tenneti, Dana May, Brian D. Gregory, Yuri Persidsky. Electronic cigarette exposure disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity and promotes neuroinflammation. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2020, 88 , 363-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.034
  58. Gianfranco Frigerio, Rosa Mercadante, Laura Campo, Elisa Polledri, Luca Boniardi, Luca Olgiati, Pasquale Missineo, Silvia Fustinoni. Urinary biomonitoring of subjects with different smoking habits. Part I: Profiling mercapturic acids. Toxicology Letters 2020, 327 , 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.010
  59. Lauren Kass Lempert, Stanton Glantz. Analysis of FDA’s IQOS marketing authorisation and its policy impacts. Tobacco Control 2020, 20 Suppl 1 , tobaccocontrol-2019-055585. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055585
  60. Alexandra M. Ward, Rola Yaman, Jon O. Ebbert, . Electronic nicotine delivery system design and aerosol toxicants: A systematic review. PLOS ONE 2020, 15 (6) , e0234189. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234189
  61. Yong-Hyun Kim, Young-Ji An. Development of a standardized new cigarette smoke generating (SNCSG) system for the assessment of chemicals in the smoke of new cigarette types (heat-not-burn (HNB) tobacco and electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs)). Environmental Research 2020, 185 , 109413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109413
  62. O. Tsiouma, A. Andreou, A. Sklavounou‐Andrikopoulou. E‐Cigarette and palatal ulcer: a possible relationship?. Oral Surgery 2020, 47 https://doi.org/10.1111/ors.12499
  63. Liam Simms, Kathryn Rudd, Jessica Palmer, Lukasz Czekala, Fan Yu, Fiona Chapman, Edgar Trelles Sticken, Roman Wieczorek, Lisa Maria Bode, Matthew Stevenson, Tanvir Walele. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells to screen for developmental toxicity potential indicates reduced potential for non-combusted products, when compared to cigarettes. Current Research in Toxicology 2020, 1 , 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2020.11.001
  64. Bogdan Dragos Ilies, Shamjad P Moosakutty, Najeh M Kharbatia, S Mani Sarathy. Identification of volatile constituents released from IQOS heat-not-burn tobacco HeatSticks using a direct sampling method. Tobacco Control 2020, 55 , tobaccocontrol-2019-055521. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055521
  65. Efthimios Zervas, Niki Matsouki, Grigorios Kyriakopoulos, Stavros Poulopoulos, Theophilos Ioannides, Paraskevi Katsaounou. Transfer of metals in the liquids of electronic cigarettes. Inhalation Toxicology 2020, 32 (6) , 240-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2020.1776801
  66. Liqiao Li, Yan Lin, Tian Xia, Yifang Zhu. Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Indoor Air Quality and Health. Annual Review of Public Health 2020, 41 (1) , 363-380. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094043
  67. Joanna A. Ruszkiewicz, Ziyan Zhang, Filipe Marques Gonçalves, Yousef Tizabi, Judith T. Zelikoff, Michael Aschner. Neurotoxicity of e-cigarettes. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2020, 138 , 111245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111245
  68. I. Gene Gillman, Alexander S.C. Pennington, Kathy E. Humphries, Michael J. Oldham. Determining the impact of flavored e-liquids on aldehyde production during Vaping. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2020, 112 , 104588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104588
  69. Alexandra Noël, Shannon Hansen, Anusha Zaman, Zakia Perveen, Rakeysha Pinkston, Ekhtear Hossain, Rui Xiao, Arthur Penn. In utero exposures to electronic-cigarette aerosols impair the Wnt signaling during mouse lung development. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 2020, 318 (4) , L705-L722. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00408.2019
  70. Jean‐Christophe Noël, Daniela Rainer, Ronald Gstir, Matthias Rainer, Günther Bonn. Quantification of selected aroma compounds in e‐cigarette products and toxicity evaluation in HUVEC/Tert2 cells. Biomedical Chromatography 2020, 34 (3) https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.4761
  71. Tunga Salthammer. Emerging indoor pollutants. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2020, 224 , 113423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113423
  72. E. Papaefstathiou, S. Bezantakos, M. Stylianou, G. Biskos, A. Agapiou. Comparison of particle size distributions and volatile organic compounds exhaled by e-cigarette and cigarette users. Journal of Aerosol Science 2020, 141 , 105487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.105487
  73. Kathryn Rudd, Matthew Stevenson, Roman Wieczorek, Jutta Pani, Edgar Trelles-Sticken, Ole Dethloff, Lukasz Czekala, Liam Simms, Francesca Buchanan, Grant O'Connell, Tanvir Walele. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Toxicity Profile of a Pod-Based E-Cigarette Aerosol Compared to Cigarette Smoke. Applied In Vitro Toxicology 2020, 6 (1) , 11-41. https://doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2019.0015
  74. Basil Varkey, Manish Joshi, Thaddeus Bartter. Editorial. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2020, 26 (2) , 116-118. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000664
  75. Roger Sheu, Christof Stönner, Jenna C. Ditto, Thomas Klüpfel, Jonathan Williams, Drew R. Gentner. Human transport of thirdhand tobacco smoke: A prominent source of hazardous air pollutants into indoor nonsmoking environments. Science Advances 2020, 6 (10) , eaay4109. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay4109
  76. Di Zhao, Atul Aravindakshan, Markus Hilpert, Pablo Olmedo, Ana M. Rule, Ana Navas-Acien, Angela Aherrera. Metal/Metalloid Levels in Electronic Cigarette Liquids, Aerosols, and Human Biosamples: A Systematic Review. Environmental Health Perspectives 2020, 128 (3) , 036001. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5686
  77. Christian Montanari, Leslie K. Kelley, Tony M. Kerr, Maury Cole, Nicholas W. Gilpin. Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation effects on nicotine & cotinine plasma levels and somatic withdrawal signs in adult male Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology 2020, 237 (3) , 613-625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05400-2
  78. Andrew C. Harris, John R. Smethells, Mary Palumbo, Maciej Goniewicz, Mark G. LeSage. Comparison of the Relative Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Nicotine Alone in Adolescent Rats: A Behavioral Economic Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17 (3) , 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030860
  79. Gideon St. Helen, Evangelia Liakoni, Natalie Nardone, Newton Addo, Peyton Jacob, Neal L. Benowitz. Comparison of Systemic Exposure to Toxic and/or Carcinogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) during Vaping, Smoking, and Abstention. Cancer Prevention Research 2020, 13 (2) , 153-162. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0356
  80. Justyna Szostak, Ee Tsin Wong, Bjoern Titz, Tom Lee, Sin Kei Wong, Tiffany Low, Kyeonghee Monica Lee, Jingjie Zhang, Ashutosh Kumar, Walter K. Schlage, Emmanuel Guedj, Blaine Phillips, Patrice Leroy, Ansgar Buettner, Yang Xiang, Florian Martin, Alain Sewer, Arkadiusz Kuczaj, Nikolai V Ivanov, Karsta Luettich, Patrick Vanscheeuwijck, Manuel C Peitsch, Julia Hoeng. A 6-month systems toxicology inhalation study in ApoE−/− mice demonstrates reduced cardiovascular effects of E-vapor aerosols compared to cigarette smoke. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2020, 15 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00613.2019
  81. Sharlee L. More, Stephanie A. Thornton, Joshua R. Maskrey, Apurva Sharma, Elise de Gandiaga, Thales J. Cheng, Ernest S. Fung, Autumn J. Bernal, Amy K. Madl. PBPK modeling characterization of potential acute impairment effects from inhalation of ethanol during e-cigarette use. Inhalation Toxicology 2020, 32 (1) , 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2020.1720867
  82. Neal L. Benowitz. Seizures After Vaping Nicotine in Youth: A Canary or a Red Herring?. Journal of Adolescent Health 2020, 66 (1) , 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.10.016
  83. Emma Ward, Claudia Anholt, Sarah Gentry, Lynne Dawkins, Richard Holland, Caitlin Notley. A Qualitative Exploration of Consumers’ Perceived Impacts, Behavioural Reactions, and Future Reflections of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (2017) as Applied to Electronic Cigarettes. Tobacco Use Insights 2020, 13 , 1179173X2092545. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X20925458
  84. Jeffrey Ebersole, Vera Samburova, Yeongkwon Son, David Cappelli, Christina Demopoulos, Antonina Capurro, Andres Pinto, Brian Chrzan, Karl Kingsley, Katherine Howard, Nathaniel Clark, Andrey Khlystov. Harmful chemicals emitted from electronic cigarettes and potential deleterious effects in the oral cavity. Tobacco Induced Diseases 2020, 18 (May) https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/116988
  85. Zuzana Zelinkova, Thomas Wenzl. Influence of battery power setting on carbonyl emissions from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Induced Diseases 2020, 18 (September) , 1-5. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/126406
  86. Zachary B Massey, Yachao Li, Jessica Holli, Victoria Churchill, Bo Yang, Katherine Henderson, David L Ashley, Jidong Huang, Lucy Popova. Modifications to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Content Analysis of YouTube Videos. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020, 22 (6) , e17104. https://doi.org/10.2196/17104
  87. Yeongkwon Son, Chiranjivi Bhattarai, Vera Samburova, Andrey Khlystov. . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020,,, 2767. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082767
  88. Yankun Gao, Zidian Xie, Li Sun, Chenliang Xu, Dongmei Li. Electronic Cigarette–Related Contents on Instagram: Observational Study and Exploratory Analysis. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2020, 6 (4) , e21963. https://doi.org/10.2196/21963
  89. Efthalia Kerasioti, Aristidis S. Veskoukis, Zoi Skaperda, Apostolis Zacharias, Konstantinos Poulas, George Lazopoulos, Demetrios Kouretas. The flavoring and not the nicotine content is a decisive factor for the effects of refill liquids of electronic cigarette on the redox status of endothelial cells. Toxicology Reports 2020, 7 , 1095-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.029
  90. Stéphanie Boué, Didier Goedertier, Julia Hoeng, Anita Iskandar, Arkadiusz K Kuczaj, Diego Marescotti, Carole Mathis, Anne May, Blaine Phillips, Manuel C Peitsch, Walter K Schlage, Davide Sciuscio, Wei Teck Tan, Patrick Vanscheeuwijck. State-of-the-art methods and devices for generation, exposure, and collection of aerosols from e-vapor products. Toxicology Research and Application 2020, 4 , 239784732097975. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397847320979751
  91. Saeid Golbidi, Lars Edvinsson, Ismail Laher. Smoking and Endothelial Dysfunction. Current Vascular Pharmacology 2019, 18 (1) , 1-11. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X14666180913120015
  92. Joshua O. Barker, Jacob A. Rohde. Topic Clustering of E-Cigarette Submissions Among Reddit Communities: A Network Perspective. Health Education & Behavior 2019, 46 (2_suppl) , 59S-68S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198119863770
  93. Daffolyn Rachael Fels Elliott, Rupal Shah, Catherine Ann Hess, Brett Elicker, Travis S. Henry, Ana Maria Rule, Rui Chen, Mehdi Golozar, Kirk D. Jones. Giant cell interstitial pneumonia secondary to cobalt exposure from e-cigarette use. European Respiratory Journal 2019, 54 (6) , 1901922. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01922-2019
  94. Robert M. Greene, M. Michele Pisano. Developmental toxicity of e‐cigarette aerosols. Birth Defects Research 2019, 111 (17) , 1294-1301. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1571
  95. Markus Hilpert, Vesna Ilievski, Maxine Coady, Maria Andrade-Gutierrez, Beizhan Yan, Steven N. Chillrud, Ana Navas-Acien, Norman J. Kleiman. A custom-built low-cost chamber for exposing rodents to e-cigarette aerosol: practical considerations. Inhalation Toxicology 2019, 31 (11-12) , 399-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2019.1698678
  96. S.L. Tomar, S.S. Hecht, I. Jaspers, R.L. Gregory, I. Stepanov. Oral Health Effects of Combusted and Smokeless Tobacco Products. Advances in Dental Research 2019, 30 (1) , 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519872480
  97. Jeffrey E Gotts, Sven-Eric Jordt, Rob McConnell, Robert Tarran. What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes?. BMJ 2019, 1 , l5275. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l5275
  98. Mignonne C Guy, Jacob Helt, Sherilyn Palafox, Kellie Green, Eric K Soule, Sarah F Maloney, Thomas Eissenberg, Pebbles Fagan. Orthodox and Unorthodox Uses of Electronic Cigarettes: A Surveillance of YouTube Video Content. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2019, 21 (10) , 1378-1384. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty132
  99. Youn Ok Lee, Antonio A Morgan-Lopez, James M Nonnemaker, Jessica K Pepper, Edward C Hensel, Risa J Robinson. Latent Class Analysis of E-cigarette Use Sessions in Their Natural Environments. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2019, 21 (10) , 1408-1413. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty164
  100. Matthew C. Madison, Cameron T. Landers, Bon-Hee Gu, Cheng-Yen Chang, Hui-Ying Tung, Ran You, Monica J. Hong, Nima Baghaei, Li-Zhen Song, Paul Porter, Nagireddy Putluri, Ramiro Salas, Brian E. Gilbert, Ilya Levental, Matthew J. Campen, David B. Corry, Farrah Kheradmand. Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2019, 129 (10) , 4290-4304. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI128531
  101. P. Dupont, H-J. Aubin. Exposition des vapoteurs au formaldéhyde et à l’acroléine : revue systématique. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 2019, 36 (7) , 752-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2019.04.006
  102. Nur Amalina Md Isa, Poh Yi Koh, Pavithra Doraj. The Tear Function in Electronic Cigarette Smokers. Optometry and Vision Science 2019, 96 (9) , 678-685. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001422
  103. Careen Khachatoorian, Peyton Jacob III, Neal L Benowitz, Prue Talbot. Electronic cigarette chemicals transfer from a vape shop to a nearby business in a multiple-tenant retail building. Tobacco Control 2019, 28 (5) , 519-525. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054316
  104. Dominic Palazzolo, John M. Nelson, Zuri Hudson. The Use of HPLC-PDA in Determining Nicotine and Nicotine-Related Alkaloids from E-Liquids: A Comparison of Five E-Liquid Brands Purchased Locally. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16 (17) , 3015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173015
  105. Samantha M Reilly, Zachary T Bitzer, Reema Goel, Neil Trushin, John P Richie. Free Radical, Carbonyl, and Nicotine Levels Produced by Juul Electronic Cigarettes. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2019, 21 (9) , 1274-1278. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty221
  106. Cora J. Young, Shan Zhou, Jeffrey A. Siegel, Tara F. Kahan. Illuminating the dark side of indoor oxidants. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 2019, 21 (8) , 1229-1239. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EM00111E
  107. Gregory D. Rankin, Håkan Wingfors, Oskari Uski, Linnéa Hedman, Barbro Ekstrand‐Hammarström, Jenny Bosson, Magnus Lundbäck. The toxic potential of a fourth‐generation E‐cigarette on human lung cell lines and tissue explants. Journal of Applied Toxicology 2019, 39 (8) , 1143-1154. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3799
  108. Matthew C. Fadus, Tracy T. Smith, Lindsay M. Squeglia. The rise of e-cigarettes, pod mod devices, and JUUL among youth: Factors influencing use, health implications, and downstream effects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2019, 201 , 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.011
  109. Vivian Y. Lin, Matthew D. Fain, Patricia L. Jackson, Taylor F. Berryhill, Landon S. Wilson, Marina Mazur, Stephen J. Barnes, J. Edwin Blalock, S. Vamsee Raju, Steven M. Rowe. Vaporized E-Cigarette Liquids Induce Ion Transport Dysfunction in Airway Epithelia. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 2019, 61 (2) , 162-173. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2017-0432OC
  110. Di Zhao, Ana Navas-Acien, Vesna Ilievski, Vesna Slavkovich, Pablo Olmedo, Bernat Adria-Mora, Arce Domingo-Relloso, Angela Aherrera, Norman J. Kleiman, Ana M. Rule, Markus Hilpert. Metal concentrations in electronic cigarette aerosol: Effect of open-system and closed-system devices and power settings. Environmental Research 2019, 174 , 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.003
  111. Mohammad Reza Zirak, Soghra Mehri, Asieh Karimani, Majid Zeinali, A. Wallace Hayes, Gholamreza Karimi. Mechanisms behind the atherothrombotic effects of acrolein, a review. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2019, 129 , 38-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.034
  112. Fabio Vivarelli, Donatella Canistro, Silvia Cirillo, Vladimiro Cardenia, Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada, Moreno Paolini. Impairment of testicular function in electronic cigarette (e-cig, e-cigs) exposed rats under low-voltage and nicotine-free conditions. Life Sciences 2019, 228 , 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.059
  113. An Thi Minh Dao, Huong Thi Thu Nguyen, Giang Bao Kim, Hai Thi Phan, Huy Van Nguyen, Huyen Thu Doan, Khue Ngoc Luong, Lam Tuan Nguyen, Minh Van Hoang, Nga Thi Quynh Pham, Quan The Nguyen. Knowledge and Determinants of Health Consequences of Cigarette Smoking Among Vietnamese Adults, 2015. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 2019, 31 (5) , 463-475. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539519854878
  114. Sébastien Soulet, Marie Duquesne, Jean Toutain, Charly Pairaud, Hélène Lalo. Experimental Method of Emission Generation Calibration Based on Reference Liquids Characterization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16 (13) , 2262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132262
  115. Krysten W. Bold, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin. E-Cigarettes: Tobacco Policy and Regulation. Current Addiction Reports 2019, 6 (2) , 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-019-00243-5
  116. Jo L. Freudenheim, Peter G. Shields, Min-Ae Song, Dominic Smiraglia. DNA Methylation and Smoking: Implications for Understanding Effects of Electronic Cigarettes. Current Epidemiology Reports 2019, 6 (2) , 148-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-019-00191-8
  117. Munerah BinShabaib, Shatha Subhi ALHarthi, Zohaib Akram, Junad Khan, Irfan Rahman, Georgios E. Romanos, Fawad Javed. Clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers, electronic-cigarette users and never-smokers. Archives of Oral Biology 2019, 102 , 212-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.001
  118. Jona M. Johnson, Luke P. Naeher, Xiaozhong Yu, Connie Sosnoff, Lanqing Wang, Stephen L. Rathbun, Víctor R. De Jesús, Baoyun Xia, Cory Holder, Jessica L. Muilenburg, Jia-Sheng Wang. A biomonitoring assessment of secondhand exposures to electronic cigarette emissions. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2019, 222 (5) , 816-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.04.013
  119. Takako Fujita, Akira Babazono, Yumi Harano, Peng Jiang. Secondhand Smoke and Streptococcal Infection in Young Children Under Japan's Voluntary Tobacco-Free Policy. Population Health Management 2019, 22 (3) , 272-277. https://doi.org/10.1089/pop.2018.0053
  120. Romel P. Dator, Morwena J. Solivio, Peter W. Villalta, Silvia Balbo. Bioanalytical and Mass Spectrometric Methods for Aldehyde Profiling in Biological Fluids. Toxics 2019, 7 (2) , 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics7020032
  121. Marcus R. Orzabal, Emilie R. Lunde-Young, Josue I. Ramirez, Selene Y.F. Howe, Vishal D. Naik, Jehoon Lee, Cristine L. Heaps, David W. Threadgill, Jayanth Ramadoss. Chronic exposure to e-cig aerosols during early development causes vascular dysfunction and offspring growth deficits. Translational Research 2019, 207 , 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2019.01.001
  122. Marcus Orzabal, Jayanth Ramadoss. Impact of electronic cigarette aerosols on pregnancy and early development. Current Opinion in Toxicology 2019, 14 , 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2019.05.001
  123. Magali P. Ferro, Lara Leclerc, Mohamad Sleiman, Bastien Marchiori, Jérémie Pourchez, Roisin M. Owens, Marc Ramuz. Effect of E Cigarette Emissions on Tracheal Cells Monitored at the Air–Liquid Interface Using an Organic Electrochemical Transistor. Advanced Biosystems 2019, 3 (3) , 1800249. https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.201800249
  124. Tunga Salthammer. Formaldehyde sources, formaldehyde concentrations and air exchange rates in European housings. Building and Environment 2019, 150 , 219-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.042
  125. Careen Khachatoorian, Peyton Jacob, Amy Sen, Yifang Zhu, Neal L. Benowitz, Prue Talbot. Identification and quantification of electronic cigarette exhaled aerosol residue chemicals in field sites. Environmental Research 2019, 170 , 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.027
  126. Yao Qu, Jan E. Szulejko, Ki-Hyun Kim, Sang-Hee Jo. The effect of varying battery voltage output on the emission rate of carbonyls released from e-cigarette smoke. Microchemical Journal 2019, 145 , 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.019
  127. Barend L. van Drooge, Esther Marco, Noemi Perez, Joan O. Grimalt. Influence of electronic cigarette vaping on the composition of indoor organic pollutants, particles, and exhaled breath of bystanders. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26 (5) , 4654-4666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3975-x
  128. Robert Bals, Jeanette Boyd, Susanna Esposito, Robert Foronjy, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Anne Lindberg, Carlos Metz, Wolfgang Schober, Avrum Spira, Francesco Blasi. Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society. European Respiratory Journal 2019, 53 (2) , 1801151. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01151-2018
  129. Tunga Salthammer. Data on formaldehyde sources, formaldehyde concentrations and air exchange rates in European housings. Data in Brief 2019, 22 , 400-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.096
  130. Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin, Asti Jackson, Meghan Morean, Grace Kong, Krysten W. Bold, Deepa R. Camenga, Dana A. Cavallo, Patricia Simon, Ran Wu. E-cigarette devices used by high-school youth. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2019, 194 , 395-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.022
  131. Nicolas Beauval, Marie Verrièle, Anne Garat, Isabelle Fronval, Romain Dusautoir, Sébastien Anthérieu, Guillaume Garçon, Jean-Marc Lo-Guidice, Delphine Allorge, Nadine Locoge. Influence of puffing conditions on the carbonyl composition of e-cigarette aerosols. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2019, 222 (1) , 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.015
  132. SanjeevBalappa Khanagar, Salman Siddeeqh, Vineet Khinda, Paramjit Khinda, DarshanDevang Divakar, Chitra Jhugroo. Impact of electronic cigarette smoking on the Saudi population through the analysis of literature: A systematic review. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 2019, 23 (3) , 473. https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_141_19
  133. Evan L. Floyd, Lurdes Queimado, Jun Wang, James L. Regens, David L. Johnson, . Electronic cigarette power affects count concentration and particle size distribution of vaping aerosol. PLOS ONE 2018, 13 (12) , e0210147. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210147
  134. Justyna Aszyk, Paweł Kubica, Jacek Namieśnik, Agata Kot-Wasik, Andrzej Wasik. New approach for e-cigarette aerosol collection by an original automatic aerosol generator utilizing melt-blown non-woven fabric. Analytica Chimica Acta 2018, 1038 , 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.015
  135. Rachel Z. Behar, Wentai Luo, Kevin J. McWhirter, James F. Pankow, Prue Talbot. Analytical and toxicological evaluation of flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette refill fluids. Scientific Reports 2018, 8 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25575-6
  136. Philippe Bertrand, Vincent Bonnarme, Antoine Piccirilli, Philippe Ayrault, Laurent Lemée, Gilles Frapper, Jérémie Pourchez. Physical and chemical assessment of 1,3 Propanediol as a potential substitute of propylene glycol in refill liquid for electronic cigarettes. Scientific Reports 2018, 8 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29066-6
  137. Basil M. Michaels, Patrick Craft, Julian A. Michaels, George A. Csank. Is Nicotine Replacement a Safe Alternative to Smoking in Plastic Surgery Patients?. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 2018, 6 (12) , e2017. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000002017
  138. Kevin J. Bisceglia, Sahar Caravan, Keegan Rogers, Ling Huang. Determination of thermal degradants in e-cigarette fluid via direct sample introduction (DSI) gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Methods 2018, 10 (45) , 5439-5446. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8AY01866A
  139. Risa J. Robinson, Nathan C. Eddingsaas, A. Gary DiFrancesco, Shehan Jayasekera, Edward C. Hensel, . A framework to investigate the impact of topography and product characteristics on electronic cigarette emissions. PLOS ONE 2018, 13 (11) , e0206341. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206341
  140. Seyed Ahmad Reza Dibaji, Suvajyoti Guha, Aarthi Arab, Bruce T. Murray, Matthew R. Myers, . Accuracy of commercial electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) temperature control technology. PLOS ONE 2018, 13 (11) , e0206937. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206937
  141. Daniel J. Conklin, Mumiye A. Ogunwale, Yizheng Chen, Whitney S. Theis, Michael H. Nantz, Xiao-An Fu, Lung-Chi Chen, Daniel W. Riggs, Pawel Lorkiewicz, Aruni Bhatnagar, Sanjay Srivastava. Electronic cigarette-generated aldehydes: The contribution of e-liquid components to their formation and the use of urinary aldehyde metabolites as biomarkers of exposure. Aerosol Science and Technology 2018, 52 (11) , 1219-1232. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2018.1500013
  142. Vladimir B. Mikheev, Alexander Ivanov, Eric A. Lucas, Patrick L. South, Hendrik O. Colijn, Pamela I. Clark. Aerosol size distribution measurement of electronic cigarette emissions using combined differential mobility and inertial impaction methods: Smoking machine and puff topography influence. Aerosol Science and Technology 2018, 52 (11) , 1233-1248. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2018.1513636
  143. Anatole Abaquesne de Parfourus. “Breaking through the Foul and Ugly Mists of Vapours”— Regulation of Alternative Tobacco and Related Products by the New TPD and Exercise of EU Competence. German Law Journal 2018, 19 (6) , 1291-1348. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2071832200023051
  144. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos, Nikoletta Yannovits, Theoni Sarri, Vassilis Voudris, Konstantinos Poulas, Scott J. Leischow. Carbonyl emissions from a novel heated tobacco product (IQOS): comparison with an e-cigarette and a tobacco cigarette. Addiction 2018, 113 (11) , 2099-2106. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14365
  145. Gideon St.Helen, Peyton Jacob III, Natalie Nardone, Neal L Benowitz. IQOS: examination of Philip Morris International’s claim of reduced exposure. Tobacco Control 2018, 27 (Suppl 1) , s30-s36. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054321
  146. Mihaela Badea, Octavio P. Luzardo, Ana González-Antuña, Manuel Zumbado, Liliana Rogozea, Laura Floroian, Dana Alexandrescu, Marius Moga, Laura Gaman, Mariana Radoi, Luis D. Boada, Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández. Body burden of toxic metals and rare earth elements in non-smokers, cigarette smokers and electronic cigarette users. Environmental Research 2018, 166 , 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.007
  147. Andrey Khlystov, Vera Samburova. Comment on “Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes?” by Farsalinos and Voudris. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2018, 120 , 724-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.009
  148. M. Belushkin, M. Esposito, G. Jaccard, C. Jeannet, A. Korneliou, D. Tafin Djoko. Role of testing standards in smoke-free product assessments. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2018, 98 , 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.021
  149. Vladimir B Mikheev, Stephanie S Buehler, Marielle C Brinkman, Courtney A Granville, Timothy E Lane, Alexander Ivanov, Kandice M Cross, Pamela I Clark. The Application of Commercially Available Mobile Cigarette Topography Devices for E-cigarette Vaping Behavior Measurements. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2018, 18 https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty190
  150. Youn Ok Lee, James M Nonnemaker, Brian Bradfield, Edward C Hensel, Risa J Robinson. Examining Daily Electronic Cigarette Puff Topography Among Established and Nonestablished Cigarette Smokers in their Natural Environment. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2018, 20 (10) , 1283-1288. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx222
  151. Najat A. Saliba, Ahmad El Hellani, Edward Honein, Rola Salman, Soha Talih, Joseph Zeaiter, Alan Shihadeh. Surface chemistry of electronic cigarette electrical heating coils: Effects of metal type on propylene glycol thermal decomposition. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2018, 134 , 520-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.07.019
  152. Gerard Li, Sonia Saad, Brian Oliver, Hui Chen. Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring’s Health Outcome. Toxics 2018, 6 (3) , 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics6030043
  153. Vera Samburova, Chiranjivi Bhattarai, Matthew Strickland, Lyndsey Darrow, Jeff Angermann, Yeongkwon Son, Andrey Khlystov. Aldehydes in Exhaled Breath during E-Cigarette Vaping: Pilot Study Results. Toxics 2018, 6 (3) , 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics6030046
  154. Demetrios Kouretas, Aristides Tsatsakis, Konstantinos Poulas. Editorial: Alternative tobacco products: Toxicology and health issues. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2018, 118 , 523-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.056
  155. Jun Dai, Ki-Hyun Kim, Jan E. Szulejko, Sang-Hee Jo, Kyenghee Kwon, Dal Woong Choi. Quantification of nicotine and major solvents in retail electronic cigarette fluids and vaped aerosols. Microchemical Journal 2018, 140 , 262-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.028
  156. Mohamed A. El Mubarak, Charikleia Danika, Nikolaos S. Vlachos, Konstantinos Farsalinos, Konstantinos Poulas, Gregory Sivolapenko. Development and validation of analytical methodology for the quantification of aldehydes in e-cigarette aerosols using UHPLC-UV. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2018, 116 , 147-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.021
  157. Karl A. Wagner, Jason W. Flora, Matt S. Melvin, Karen C. Avery, Regina M. Ballentine, Anthony P. Brown, Willie J. McKinney. An evaluation of electronic cigarette formulations and aerosols for harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) typically derived from combustion. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2018, 95 , 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.012
  158. Laura E. Crotty Alexander, Christopher A. Drummond, Mark Hepokoski, Denzil Mathew, Alex Moshensky, Andrew Willeford, Soumita Das, Prabhleen Singh, Zach Yong, Jasmine H. Lee, Kevin Vega, Ashley Du, John Shin, Christian Javier, Jiang Tian, Joan Heller Brown, Ellen C. Breen. Chronic inhalation of e-cigarette vapor containing nicotine disrupts airway barrier function and induces systemic inflammation and multiorgan fibrosis in mice. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2018, 314 (6) , R834-R847. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00270.2017
  159. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos, Vassilis Voudris. Do flavouring compounds contribute to aldehyde emissions in e-cigarettes?. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2018, 115 , 212-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.059
  160. Rachel Z Behar, Yuhuan Wang, Prue Talbot. Comparing the cytotoxicity of electronic cigarette fluids, aerosols and solvents. Tobacco Control 2018, 27 (3) , 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053472
  161. Wenhao Chen, Ping Wang, Kazuhide Ito, Jeff Fowles, Dennis Shusterman, Peter A. Jaques, Kazukiyo Kumagai, . Measurement of heating coil temperature for e-cigarettes with a “top-coil” clearomizer. PLOS ONE 2018, 13 (4) , e0195925. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195925
  162. Ana Navas-Acien. Global Tobacco Use: Old and New Products. Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2018, 15 (Supplement_2) , S69-S75. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201711-874MG
  163. Pallav Pokhrel, Pebbles Fagan, Thaddeus A. Herzog, Linnea Laestadius, Wayne Buente, Crissy T. Kawamoto, Hye-Ryeon Lee, Jennifer B. Unger. Social media e-cigarette exposure and e-cigarette expectancies and use among young adults. Addictive Behaviors 2018, 78 , 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.017
  164. Mark Forster, Stacy Fiebelkorn, Caner Yurteri, Derek Mariner, Chuan Liu, Christopher Wright, Kevin McAdam, James Murphy, Christopher Proctor. Assessment of novel tobacco heating product THP1.0. Part 3: Comprehensive chemical characterisation of harmful and potentially harmful aerosol emissions. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2018, 93 , 14-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.006
  165. I. Mark Olfert, Evan DeVallance, Hannah Hoskinson, Kayla W. Branyan, Stuart Clayton, Christopher R. Pitzer, D. Patrick Sullivan, Matthew J. Breit, Zhongxin Wu, Powsiri Klinkhachorn, W. Kyle Mandler, Brett H. Erdreich, Barbara S. Ducatman, Randall W. Bryner, Piyali Dasgupta, Paul D. Chantler. Chronic exposure to electronic cigarettes results in impaired cardiovascular function in mice. Journal of Applied Physiology 2018, 124 (3) , 573-582. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00713.2017
  166. Pablo Olmedo, Walter Goessler, Stefan Tanda, Maria Grau-Perez, Stephanie Jarmul, Angela Aherrera, Rui Chen, Markus Hilpert, Joanna E. Cohen, Ana Navas-Acien, Ana M. Rule. Metal Concentrations in e-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol Samples: The Contribution of Metallic Coils. Environmental Health Perspectives 2018, 126 (2) , 027010. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2175
  167. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos, Gene Gillman. Carbonyl Emissions in E-cigarette Aerosol: A Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations. Frontiers in Physiology 2018, 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.01119
  168. Thivanka Muthumalage, Melanie Prinz, Kwadwo O. Ansah, Janice Gerloff, Isaac K. Sundar, Irfan Rahman. Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses Induced by Exposure to Commonly Used e-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals and Flavored e-Liquids without Nicotine. Frontiers in Physiology 2018, 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.01130
  169. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos, Kurt A. Kistler, Alexander Pennington, Alketa Spyrou, Dimitris Kouretas, Gene Gillman. Aldehyde levels in e-cigarette aerosol: Findings from a replication study and from use of a new-generation device. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2018, 111 , 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.002
  170. William E Stephens. Comparing the cancer potencies of emissions from vapourised nicotine products including e-cigarettes with those of tobacco smoke. Tobacco Control 2018, 27 (1) , 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053808
  171. Dianne Barker, Nina Schleicher, Kimberly Ababseh, Trent Johnson, Lisa Henriksen. ENDS retailers and marketing near university campuses with and without tobacco-free policies. Tobacco Induced Diseases 2018, 16 (October) https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/94600
  172. Konstantinos Farsalinos. Electronic cigarettes: an aid in smoking cessation, or a new health hazard?. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 2018, 12 , 175346581774496. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753465817744960
  173. Tongke Zhao, Charlene Nguyen, Che-Hsuan Lin, Holly R. Middlekauff, Kacey Peters, Roya Moheimani, Qiuju Guo, Yifang Zhu. Characteristics of secondhand electronic cigarette aerosols from active human use. Aerosol Science and Technology 2017, 51 (12) , 1368-1376. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1355548
  174. James C. Salamanca, Ian Munhenzva, Jorge O. Escobedo, R. Paul Jensen, Angela Shaw, Robert Campbell, Wentai Luo, David H. Peyton, Robert M. Strongin. Formaldehyde Hemiacetal Sampling, Recovery, and Quantification from Electronic Cigarette Aerosols. Scientific Reports 2017, 7 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11499-0
  175. Phillip W. Clapp, Ilona Jaspers. Electronic Cigarettes: Their Constituents and Potential Links to Asthma. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2017, 17 (11) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-017-0747-5
  176. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos, Vassilis Voudris, Alketa Spyrou, Konstantinos Poulas. E-cigarettes emit very high formaldehyde levels only in conditions that are aversive to users: A replication study under verified realistic use conditions. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2017, 109 , 90-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.044
  177. Jessica K. Pepper, Youn Ok Lee, Kimberly A. Watson, Annice E. Kim, James M. Nonnemaker, Matthew C. Farrelly. Risk Factors for Youth E-Cigarette “Vape Trick” Behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health 2017, 61 (5) , 599-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.010
  178. William D. Troutt, Matthew D. DiDonato. Carbonyl Compounds Produced by Vaporizing Cannabis Oil Thinning Agents. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2017, 23 (11) , 879-884. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2016.0337
  179. Wolfgang Schober, Wolfgang Matzen, Katalin Szendrei, Dieter Heitmann, Thomas Schettgen, Hermann Fromme. Elektrische Shiazo-Wasserpfeifen: eine neue Quelle für Innenraumluftschadstoffe. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 2017, 60 (10) , 1092-1101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-017-2607-9
  180. Alyssa K. Rudy, Adam M. Leventhal, Nicholas I. Goldenson, Thomas Eissenberg. Assessing electronic cigarette effects and regulatory impact: Challenges with user self-reported device power. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2017, 179 , 337-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.031
  181. Stella Tommasi, Steven E. Bates, Rachel Z. Behar, Prue Talbot, Ahmad Besaratinia. Limited mutagenicity of electronic cigarettes in mouse or human cells in vitro. Lung Cancer 2017, 112 , 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.07.035
  182. Rossella Bengalli, Emanuele Ferri, Massimo Labra, Paride Mantecca. Lung Toxicity of Condensed Aerosol from E-CIG Liquids: Influence of the Flavor and the In Vitro Model Used. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14 (10) , 1254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101254
  183. Hanan Qasim, Zubair A. Karim, Jose O. Rivera, Fadi T. Khasawneh, Fatima Z. Alshbool. Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Cardiovascular System. Journal of the American Heart Association 2017, 6 (9) https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.006353
  184. Suzaynn F. Schick, Benjamin C. Blount, Peyton Jacob, Najat A. Saliba, John T. Bernert, Ahmad El Hellani, Peter Jatlow, R. Steven Pappas, Lanqing Wang, Jonathan Foulds, Arunava Ghosh, Stephen S. Hecht, John C. Gomez, Jessica R. Martin, Clementina Mesaros, Sanjay Srivastava, Gideon St. Helen, Robert Tarran, Pawel K. Lorkiewicz, Ian A. Blair, Heather L. Kimmel, Claire M. Doerschuk, Neal L. Benowitz, Aruni Bhatnagar. Biomarkers of exposure to new and emerging tobacco delivery products. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 2017, 313 (3) , L425-L452. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00343.2016
  185. Jianmin Liu, Qiwei Liang, Michael Oldham, Ali Rostami, Karl Wagner, I. Gillman, Piyush Patel, Rebecca Savioz, Mohamadi Sarkar. Determination of Selected Chemical Levels in Room Air and on Surfaces after the Use of Cartridge- and Tank-Based E-Vapor Products or Conventional Cigarettes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14 (9) , 969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14090969
  186. Simon Poynton, Joseph Sutton, Sharon Goodall, Jennifer Margham, Mark Forster, Ken Scott, Chuan Liu, Kevin McAdam, James Murphy, Christopher Proctor. A novel hybrid tobacco product that delivers a tobacco flavour note with vapour aerosol (Part 1): Product operation and preliminary aerosol chemistry assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2017, 106 , 522-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.022
  187. Neal L. Benowitz, Joseph B. Fraiman. Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes. Nature Reviews Cardiology 2017, 14 (8) , 447-456. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2017.36
  188. Lauren F. Chun, Farzad Moazed, Carolyn S. Calfee, Michael A. Matthay, Jeffrey E. Gotts. Pulmonary toxicity of e-cigarettes. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 2017, 313 (2) , L193-L206. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00071.2017
  189. Peter G. Shields, Micah Berman, Theodore M. Brasky, Jo L. Freudenheim, Ewy Mathe, Joseph P. McElroy, Min-Ae Song, Mark D. Wewers. A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2017, 26 (8) , 1175-1191. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0358
  190. Jun Ho Cho, . The association between electronic-cigarette use and self-reported oral symptoms including cracked or broken teeth and tongue and/or inside-cheek pain among adolescents: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE 2017, 12 (7) , e0180506. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180506
  191. Edward Yu, Adam M. Lippert. Race/ethnicity modifies the association between school prevalence of e-cigarette use and student-level use: Results from the 2014 US National Youth Tobacco Survey. Health & Place 2017, 46 , 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.05.003
  192. A. A. Ruprecht, C. De Marco, A. Saffari, P. Pozzi, R. Mazza, C. Veronese, G. Angellotti, E. Munarini, A. C. Ogliari, D. Westerdahl, S. Hasheminassab, M. M. Shafer, J. J. Schauer, J. Repace, C. Sioutas, R. Boffi. Environmental pollution and emission factors of electronic cigarettes, heat-not-burn tobacco products, and conventional cigarettes. Aerosol Science and Technology 2017, 51 (6) , 674-684. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1300231
  193. Alyssa Zucchet, Grégory Schmaltz, . Electronic cigarettes—A review of the physiological health effects. FACETS 2017, 2 (1) , 575-609. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0014
  194. James F. Pankow, Kilsun Kim, Kevin J. McWhirter, Wentai Luo, Jorge O. Escobedo, Robert M. Strongin, Anna K. Duell, David H. Peyton, . Benzene formation in electronic cigarettes. PLOS ONE 2017, 12 (3) , e0173055. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173055
  195. R. Paul Jensen, Robert M. Strongin, David H. Peyton. Solvent Chemistry in the Electronic Cigarette Reaction Vessel. Scientific Reports 2017, 7 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42549
  196. I. Gene Gillman. Analytical Testing of e-Cigarette Aerosol. 2017,,, 9-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811241-0.00002-4
  197. Mario Pagliaro. Properties, Applications, History, and Market. 2017,,, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812205-1.00001-1
  198. Mumiye A. Ogunwale, Yizheng Chen, Whitney S. Theis, Michael H. Nantz, Daniel J. Conklin, Xiao-An Fu. A novel method of nicotine quantification in electronic cigarette liquids and aerosols. Analytical Methods 2017, 9 (29) , 4261-4266. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7AY00501F
  199. Jean Bousquet, Claus Bachert, Laura Crotty Alexander, Frank T. Leone. Hypothesis: may e-cigarette smoking boost the allergic epidemic?. Clinical and Translational Allergy 2016, 6 (1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-016-0130-y
  200. Jean-Pierre Schaller, Daniela Keller, Laurent Poget, Pascal Pratte, Etienne Kaelin, Damian McHugh, Gianluca Cudazzo, Daniel Smart, Anthony R. Tricker, Lydia Gautier, Michel Yerly, Roger Reis Pires, Soazig Le Bouhellec, David Ghosh, Iris Hofer, Eva Garcia, Patrick Vanscheeuwijck, Serge Maeder. Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 2: Chemical composition, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and physical properties of the aerosol. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2016, 81 , S27-S47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.10.001

Pair your accounts.

Export articles to Mendeley

Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

Pair your accounts.

Export articles to Mendeley

Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.

You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley!

STEP 1:
Click to create an ACS ID

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID.

OOPS

You have to login with your ACS ID befor you can login with your Mendeley account.

MENDELEY PAIRING EXPIRED
Your Mendeley pairing has expired. Please reconnect

This website uses cookies to improve your user experience. By continuing to use the site, you are accepting our use of cookies. Read the ACS privacy policy.

CONTINUE