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Cats’ Internal Exposure to Selected Brominated Flame Retardants and Organochlorines Correlated to House Dust and Cat Food

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† Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
‡ Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
§ Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Centre (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
∥ Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, SE-114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
*E-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 51, 5, 3012–3020
Publication Date (Web):February 14, 2017
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05025
Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Pet cats may be used as a biomarker for assessing exposures to organohalogen compounds (OHCs) adsorbed to household dust in home environments. This study explores two exposure routes of OHCs, ingestion of OHCs (i) via house dust and (ii) via cat food. House dust from 17 Swedish homes and serum from the participating families’ pet cats were collected, and cat food was purchased matching the diet reported. Paired samples of cat serum, house dust, and cat food were analyzed for brominated flame retardants/natural products (polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromobiphenyl (BB-209), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP), OH-PBDEs) and organochlorines (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1,1-bis(4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (4,4′-DDT), 1,1-bis(4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (4,4′-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorophenol (PCP)). Significant correlations were found between serum and dust samples from the living rooms for BDE-47 (p < 0.035), BDE-99 (p < 0.035), and BDE-153 (p < 0.039), from the adult’s bedroom for BDE-99 (p < 0.019) and from all rooms for BDE-99 (p < 0.020) and BB-209 (p < 0.048). This is the first time a correlation between cat serum levels and household dust has been established, a finding that supports the hypothesis that dust is a significant exposure route for cats. Serum levels were also significantly correlated with concentrations found in cat food for 6-OH-BDE47 (p < 0.002), 2,4,6-TBP (p < 0.035), and BB-209 (p < 0.007). DBDPE was found in high concentrations in all dust (median 154 pmol/g) and food samples (median 0.7 pmol/g lw) but was below detection in serum samples, suggesting low or no bioavailability for DBDPE in cats.

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05025.

  • Additional experimental details (clinical and chemical analysis including determination of thyroid hormone levels (T4 and TSH), blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), chemicals, extraction, and cleanup of serum, house dust, and cat food, instrumental analysis, and quantification) and additional figures and tables (PDF)

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  19. Kaihui Shen, Li Li, Junzhou Liu, Chengkang Chen, Jianguo Liu. Stocks, flows and emissions of DBDPE in China and its international distribution through products and waste. Environmental Pollution 2019, 250 , 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.090
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  27. Nicolas A.O. Morin, Patrik L. Andersson, Sarah E. Hale, Hans Peter H. Arp. The presence and partitioning behavior of flame retardants in waste, leachate, and air particles from Norwegian waste-handling facilities. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017, 62 , 115-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.005
  28. Luis A. Henríquez-Hernández, Elena Carretón, María Camacho, José Alberto Montoya-Alonso, Luis D. Boada, Verónica Bernal Martín, Yaiza Falcón Cordón, Soraya Falcón Cordón, Manuel Zumbado, Octavio P. Luzardo. Potential Role of Pet Cats As a Sentinel Species for Human Exposure to Flame Retardants. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2017, 4 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00079

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