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Increased Temperature and Turbulence Alter the Effects of Leachates from Tire Particles on Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

  • Anna Kolomijeca*
    Anna Kolomijeca
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, M5S3B2 Toronto, Canada
    Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S3B2 Toronto, Canada
    *E-mail: [email protected].
  • Joanne Parrott
    Joanne Parrott
    Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, Canada
  • Hufsa Khan
    Hufsa Khan
    Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, Canada
    More by Hufsa Khan
  • Kallie Shires
    Kallie Shires
    Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, Canada
  • Stacey Clarence
    Stacey Clarence
    Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, Canada
  • Cheryl Sullivan
    Cheryl Sullivan
    Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, Canada
  • Leah Chibwe
    Leah Chibwe
    School of Environmental Sciences, The University of Guelph, N1G2W1 Guelph, Canada
    Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, Canada
    More by Leah Chibwe
  • David Sinton
    David Sinton
    Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S3B2 Toronto, Canada
    More by David Sinton
  • Chelsea M. Rochman
    Chelsea M. Rochman
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, M5S3B2 Toronto, Canada
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXX
Publication Date (Web):January 6, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05994
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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Tire particles are of concern as a stressor due to the combination of their chemical constituents, high emission rates, and global distribution. Once in the environment, they will interact with physical parameters (e.g., UV, temperature). The interaction of chemical pollution with changing physical environmental parameters is often underestimated in ecotoxicology. Here, we investigate the role of temperature, mechanical stress (i.e., turbulence), UV, and CO2 on the effects of tire leachates on fish. Two samples of tire particles were exposed to four different levels of each physical stressor. A toxicological assessment was performed with fathead minnow embryos assessing five end points (hatching success, time to hatch, length, deformities, and heart rate). Results showed that variations of temperature and mechanical stress affect the toxicological impact of tire leachates. Zn and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene, phenanthrene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene, anthracene, naphthalene, fluoranthene, and benzo[ghi]perylene) were identified in the leachate and tire samples by Raman/surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy, respectively.

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.9b05994.

  • Description of experimental setup; quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) of the experiment; summary of basic water quality data for controls and tire leachates (Table S1); preparation of exposure solutions; description of CNP-AU substrate preparation procedure; PAHs analyzed, abbreviations used, internal standards, and PAHs used for quantitation, as well as method detection limits (MDLs) by GC/MS (Table S2); description of PAH tire extraction and quantitation; concentrations in μg/g of PAHs analyzed in Tire 1 and Tire 2 (Table S3); summary of toxicological test results for the entire experiment (Table S4); toxicological test results of tire leachates (Tire 1, Tire 2, and Control), exposed to different UV light (Figure S1); toxicological test results of tire leachates (Tire 1, Tire 2, and Control) exposed to different CO2 amounts (Figure S2); Raman/SERS measurements of T1 and T2 leachates (Figure S3); Raman/SERS measurements of the tire leachates on CNP-Au substrate (Table S5); Raman/SERS measurements of 16 EPA PAHs on CNP-Au substrate (Table S6); and concentrations in μg/g of PAHs analyzed in Tire 1 and Tire 2 (Figure S4) (PDF)

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