Increased Temperature and Turbulence Alter the Effects of Leachates from Tire Particles on Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)
- Anna Kolomijeca*Anna Kolomijeca*E-mail: [email protected].Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, M5S3B2 Toronto, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S3B2 Toronto, CanadaMore by Anna Kolomijeca
- Joanne ParrottJoanne ParrottWater Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, CanadaMore by Joanne Parrott
- Hufsa KhanHufsa KhanWater Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, CanadaMore by Hufsa Khan
- Kallie ShiresKallie ShiresWater Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, CanadaMore by Kallie Shires
- Stacey ClarenceStacey ClarenceWater Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, CanadaMore by Stacey Clarence
- Cheryl SullivanCheryl SullivanWater Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, CanadaMore by Cheryl Sullivan
- Leah ChibweLeah ChibweSchool of Environmental Sciences, The University of Guelph, N1G2W1 Guelph, CanadaWater Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, L7S 1A1 Burlington, CanadaMore by Leah Chibwe
- David SintonDavid SintonDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, M5S3B2 Toronto, CanadaMore by David Sinton
- Chelsea M. RochmanChelsea M. RochmanDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, M5S3B2 Toronto, CanadaMore by Chelsea M. Rochman
Abstract

Tire particles are of concern as a stressor due to the combination of their chemical constituents, high emission rates, and global distribution. Once in the environment, they will interact with physical parameters (e.g., UV, temperature). The interaction of chemical pollution with changing physical environmental parameters is often underestimated in ecotoxicology. Here, we investigate the role of temperature, mechanical stress (i.e., turbulence), UV, and CO2 on the effects of tire leachates on fish. Two samples of tire particles were exposed to four different levels of each physical stressor. A toxicological assessment was performed with fathead minnow embryos assessing five end points (hatching success, time to hatch, length, deformities, and heart rate). Results showed that variations of temperature and mechanical stress affect the toxicological impact of tire leachates. Zn and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene, phenanthrene, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene, anthracene, naphthalene, fluoranthene, and benzo[ghi]perylene) were identified in the leachate and tire samples by Raman/surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy, respectively.




