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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Toilet Paper and the Impact on Wastewater Systems

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2023, 10, 3, 234-239
    Contaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

    Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Toilet Paper and the Impact on Wastewater Systems
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    • Jake T. Thompson
      Jake T. Thompson
      Department of Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States
      More by Jake T. Thompson
    • Boting Chen
      Boting Chen
      Department of Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States
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    • John A. Bowden
      John A. Bowden
      Department of Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Basic Science Building, Room 324, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
      More by John A. Bowden
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-4015
    • Timothy G. Townsend*
      Timothy G. Townsend
      Department of Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States
      *Email: [email protected]
      More by Timothy G. Townsend
      Orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1222-0954
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    Environmental Science & Technology Letters

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2023, 10, 3, 234–239
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00094
    Published March 1, 2023
    Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Here, we evaluate a perhaps unexpected contributor of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to our wastewater, an input anticipated at every wastewater treatment facility─toilet paper. In this study, both toilet paper and wastewater sludge were characterized to explore the magnitude of the potential PFAS loading into wastewater systems from toilet paper. In both toilet paper and wastewater sludge, 6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6:2 diPAP) was the most prevalent PFAS detected, and toilet paper usage was estimated to contribute from 6.4 to 80 μg/person-year of 6:2 diPAP to wastewater–water systems. Our results suggest that toilet paper should be considered as a potentially major source of PFAS entering wastewater treatment systems.

    Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 4 publications.

    1. Zhi-Wei Lin, Jieyuan Wang, Yaryna Dyakiv, Damian E. Helbling, William R. Dichtel. Structural Features of Styrene-Functionalized Cyclodextrin Polymers That Promote the Adsorption of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Water. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2024, 16 (22) , 28409-28422. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c01969
    2. Susan D. Richardson, Tarek Manasfi. Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Analytical Chemistry 2024, 96 (20) , 8184-8219. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01423
    3. Matthew Silver, William Phelps, Kevin Masarik, Kyle Burke, Chen Zhang, Alex Schwartz, Miaoyan Wang, Amy L. Nitka, Jordan Schutz, Tom Trainor, John W. Washington, Bruce D. Rheineck. Prevalence and Source Tracing of PFAS in Shallow Groundwater Used for Drinking Water in Wisconsin, USA. Environmental Science & Technology 2023, 57 (45) , 17415-17426. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c02826
    4. Jeremy P. Koelmel, Michael Kummer, Olivier Chevallier, Ralph Hindle, Kathy Hunt, Camden G. Camacho, Nandarani Abril, Emily L. Gill, Christopher W. W. Beecher, Timothy J. Garrett, Richard A. Yost, Timothy G. Townsend, Christian Klein, Emma E. Rennie, John A. Bowden, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt. Expanding Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Coverage in Nontargeted Analysis Using Data-Independent Analysis and IonDecon. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2023, 34 (11) , 2525-2537. https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.3c00244
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    Environmental Science & Technology Letters

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2023, 10, 3, 234–239
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00094
    Published March 1, 2023
    Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society
    Request reuse permissions

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