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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2016, 3, 1, 1-6
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Assessing and Reducing the Toxicity of 3D-Printed Parts

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† Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507, United States
‡ Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507, United States
§ State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
*E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +1 (951) 827-4311. Fax: +1 (951) 827-6416.
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2016, 3, 1, 1–6
Publication Date (Web):November 4, 2015
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00249
Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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3D printing is gaining popularity by providing a tool for fast, cost-effective, and highly customizable fabrication. However, little is known about the toxicity of 3D-printed objects. In this work, we assess the toxicity of printed parts from two main classes of commercial 3D printers, fused deposition modeling and stereolithography. We assessed the toxicity of these 3D-printed parts using zebrafish (Danio rerio), a widely used model organism in aquatic toxicology. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 3D-printed parts and monitored for rates of survival, hatching, and developmental abnormalities. We found that parts from both types of printers were measurably toxic to zebrafish embryos, with STL-printed parts significantly more toxic than FDM-printed parts. We also developed a simple post-printing treatment (exposure to ultraviolet light) that largely mitigates the toxicity of the STL-printed parts. Our results call attention to the need for strategies for the safe disposal of 3D-printed parts and printer waste materials.

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00249.

  • Results from testing the toxicity of 3D-printed parts subjected to alternative postprint cleaning techniques and GC–MS analysis of leachates from STL-printed parts (PDF)

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