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Preliminary Associations between the Detection of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Drinking Water and Serum Concentrations in a Sample of California Women

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† Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2001 Center Street, Suite 700, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
‡ Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
§ Arcadis, 100 Montgomery Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94104, United States
∥ Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5405, United States
⊥ Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
# Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
⊗ Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Avenue, Suite 300, Fremont, California 94538, United States
*Susan Hurley. Email: [email protected]. Office phone: (510) 608-5189. Fax: (510) 608-5095.
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2016, 3, 7, 264–269
Publication Date (Web):June 6, 2016
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00154
Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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This study compared detection of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in public drinking water with PFAA serum concentrations for 1566 California women. PFAA occurrence in drinking water from U.S. EPA’s third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) database was linked by residential zip code to study participants. Detectable water concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ranged from 0.020 to 0.053 μg/L and of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) from 0.041 to 0.156 μg/L. Forty percent of detectable concentrations exceeded the 2016 Health Advisory Level of 0.07 μg/L for combined PFOA and PFOS concentrations. Serum concentrations of PFOS and PFOA significantly differed between participants with and without detectable measures of these compounds in water (Wilcoxon P ≤ 0.0007). Median serum concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were 29% and 38% higher, respectively, among those with detectable levels in water compared to those without detectable levels. Validation of this approach and replication of these results in other study populations are warranted.

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The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00154.

  • Table S1. Demographic Characteristics and Detection of PFAAs in Drinking Water for Study Participants (n = 1566). Table S2. PFAAs: Serum Concentrations (ng/mL) among Subset of Study Population that were Controls (n = 944): Comparison of Serum Concentrations (ng/mL) between Study Participants with and without Detectable Levels in Drinking Water. Figure S1: Zip codes in California serviced by a public water system (PWS) with detectable levels of PFAAs (PDF).

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This article is cited by 31 publications.

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  16. Weipeng Qi, John M. Clark, Alicia R. Timme-Laragy, Yeonhwa Park. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of epidemiologic findings. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 2020, 102 (1-4) , 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2020.1763997
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  18. Yachen Zhu, Scott M. Bartell. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water and birthweight in the US. Environmental Epidemiology 2020, 4 (4) , e0107. https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000107
  19. Chao Zeng, Ariel Atkinson, Naushita Sharma, Harsh Ashani, Annika Hjelmstad, Krishishvar Venkatesh, Paul Westerhoff. Removing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from groundwaters using activated carbon and ion exchange resin packed columns. AWWA Water Science 2020, 2 (1) https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1172
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  21. Xindi C. Hu, Andrea K. Tokranov, Jahred Liddie, Xianming Zhang, Philippe Grandjean, Jaime E. Hart, Francine Laden, Qi Sun, Leo W. Y. Yeung, Elsie M. Sunderland. Tap Water Contributions to Plasma Concentrations of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a Nationwide Prospective Cohort of U.S. Women. Environmental Health Perspectives 2019, 127 (6) , 067006. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4093
  22. Shiyi Zhang, Qiyue Kang, Hui Peng, Mengyu Ding, Fanrong Zhao, Yuyin Zhou, Zhaomin Dong, Haifeng Zhang, Min Yang, Shu Tao, Jianying Hu. Relationship between perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate blood concentrations in the general population and routine drinking water exposure. Environment International 2019, 126 , 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.009
  23. Katherine E. Boronow, Julia Green Brody, Laurel A. Schaider, Graham F. Peaslee, Laurie Havas, Barbara A. Cohn. Serum concentrations of PFASs and exposure-related behaviors in African American and non-Hispanic white women. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2019, 29 (2) , 206-217. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0109-y
  24. Miaomiao Wang, Weihong Guo, Steve Gardner, Myrto Petreas, June-Soo Park. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Northern California cats: Temporal comparison and a possible link to cat hyperthyroidism. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2018, 37 (10) , 2523-2529. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4239
  25. Thomas A. Bruton, David L. Sedlak. Treatment of perfluoroalkyl acids by heat-activated persulfate under conditions representative of in situ chemical oxidation. Chemosphere 2018, 206 , 457-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.128
  26. Harrison Omorodion, Miguel Palenzuela, Manuel Ruether, Brendan Twamley, James A. Platts, Robert J. Baker. A rationally designed perfluorinated host for the extraction of PFOA from water utilising non-covalent interactions. New Journal of Chemistry 2018, 42 (10) , 7956-7968. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ03026F
  27. Anna Maria Ingelido, Annalisa Abballe, Simonetta Gemma, Elena Dellatte, Nicola Iacovella, Giovanna De Angelis, Franco Zampaglioni, Valentina Marra, Roberto Miniero, Silvia Valentini, Francesca Russo, Marina Vazzoler, Emanuela Testai, Elena De Felip. Biomonitoring of perfluorinated compounds in adults exposed to contaminated drinking water in the Veneto Region, Italy. Environment International 2018, 110 , 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.026
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