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Perfluoroalkyl Acid Characterization in U.S. Municipal Organic Solid Waste Composts

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Download Hi-Res ImageDownload to MS-PowerPointCite This:Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2019, 6, 6, 372-377
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    Perfluoroalkyl Acid Characterization in U.S. Municipal Organic Solid Waste Composts
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    • Youn Jeong Choi
      Youn Jeong Choi
      Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
      Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
      More by Youn Jeong Choi
    • Rooney Kim Lazcano
      Rooney Kim Lazcano
      Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
      Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
      More by Rooney Kim Lazcano
    • Peyman Yousefi
      Peyman Yousefi
      Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
      Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
      More by Peyman Yousefi
    • Heather Trim
      Heather Trim
      Zero Waste Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
      More by Heather Trim
    • Linda S. Lee*
      Linda S. Lee
      Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
      Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
      *Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. Telephone: +1 765 494 8612. Fax: +1 765 496 2926. E-mail: [email protected]
      More by Linda S. Lee
      Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-7284
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    Environmental Science & Technology Letters

    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2019, 6, 6, 372–377
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00280
    Published May 29, 2019
    Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Composting the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) creates a nutrient rich soil amendment and reduces the amounts of wastes going to landfills or incineration. However, the occurrence and fate of persistent and challenging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in OFMSW composts have not been well studied. The loads and leachability of 17 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were analyzed in nine OFMSW commercial composts and one backyard compost. PFAA loads ranged from 28.7 to 75.9 μg/kg for OFMSW composts that included food packaging and from 2.38 to 7.60 μg/kg for composts that did not include food packaging. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were detected in all composts; however, OFMSW composts were dominated by short-chain PFAAs (>64%) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs, >68%), particularly the C6 PFCA. The total oxidizable precursor assay indicated the presence of PFAS precursors in three OFMSW composts for which 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate and 6:2 dipolyfluoroalkyl phosphate ester were identified. Of the total PFAA load in the composts, 25–49% was released to porewater (∼1 g/2 mL). PFAA porewater concentrations versus PFAA loads as well as organic carbon-normalized sorption coefficients versus the number of PFAA CF2 units are strongly correlated (R2 > 0.85).

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00280.

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    This article is cited by 71 publications.

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    Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2019, 6, 6, 372–377
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00280
    Published May 29, 2019
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