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Red Cabbage Microgreens Lower Circulating Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Liver Cholesterol, and Inflammatory Cytokines in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

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    Red Cabbage Microgreens Lower Circulating Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Liver Cholesterol, and Inflammatory Cytokines in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
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    † Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
    § Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
    ‡ Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Area Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
    ⊗ Department of Agriculture, Culinology and Hospitality Management, Southwest Minnesota State University, Marshall, Minnesota 56258, United States
    # Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
    ⊥ Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States
    *(T.T.Y.W.) Mail: 10300 Baltimore Ave, USDA-ARS, BHNRC, Bldg 307C, Rm 132, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Phone: (301) 504-8459. E-mail: [email protected]
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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2016, 64, 48, 9161–9171
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03805
    Published November 12, 2016
    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
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    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor. Population studies, as well as animal and intervention studies, support the consumption of a variety of vegetables as a means to reduce CVD risk through modulation of hypercholesterolemia. Microgreens of a variety of vegetables and herbs have been reported to be more nutrient dense compared to their mature counterparts. However, little is known about the effectiveness of microgreens in affecting lipid and cholesterol levels. The present study used a rodent diet-induced obesity (DIO) model to address this question. C57BL/6NCr mice (n = 60, male, 5 weeks old) were randomly assigned to six feeding groups: (1) low-fat diet; (2) high-fat diet; (3) low-fat diet + 1.09% red cabbage microgreens; (4) low-fat diet + 1.66% mature red cabbage; (5) high-fat diet + 1.09% red cabbage microgreens; (6) high-fat diet + 1.66% mature red cabbage. The animals were on their respective diets for 8 weeks. We found microgreen supplementation attenuated high-fat diet induced weight gain. Moreover, supplementation with microgreens significantly lowered circulating LDL levels in animals fed the high-fat diet and reduced hepatic cholesterol ester, triacylglycerol levels, and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. These data suggest that microgreens can modulate weight gain and cholesterol metabolism and may protect against CVD by preventing hypercholesterolemia.

    Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society

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    • Figure 1, HPLC chromatogram of microgreen and red cabbage at 330 nm; Figure 2, HPLC chromatogram of microgreen and red cabbage at 520 nm; Figure 3, HPLC chromatogram of desulfo glucosinolates in MG and RC; Figure 4, initial and final animal body weights (PDF)

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    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2016, 64, 48, 9161–9171
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03805
    Published November 12, 2016
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