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Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy To Identify Milk from Grass-Fed Dairy Cows and To Monitor Its Photodegradation
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    Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy To Identify Milk from Grass-Fed Dairy Cows and To Monitor Its Photodegradation
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    • Ujjal Bhattacharjee
      Ujjal Bhattacharjee
      Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
      Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
    • Danielle Jarashow
      Danielle Jarashow
      Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
    • Thomas A. Casey
      Thomas A. Casey
      Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
    • Jacob W. Petrich*
      Jacob W. Petrich
      Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
      Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected]
    • Mark A. Rasmussen*
      Mark A. Rasmussen
      Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
      *E-mail: [email protected]
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    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2018, 66, 9, 2168–2173
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05287
    Published January 22, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    Owing to its high ω-3 fatty acid content, milk from grass-fed dairy cows is becoming increasingly more attractive to consumers. Consequently, it is important to identify the origins of such products and to measure their content, at least relative to some standard. To date, chromatography has been the most extensively used technique. Sample preparation and cost, however, often reduce its widespread applicability. Here, we report the effectiveness of fluorescence spectroscopy for such quantification by measuring the amount of chlorophyll metabolites in the sample. Their content is significantly higher for milk from grass-fed cows compared to milk from grain/silage-fed cows. It is 0.11–0.13 μM in milk samples from grass-fed cows, whereas in milk from cows fed grain/silage rations, the concentration was 0.01–0.04 μM. In various organic milk samples, the chlorophyll metabolite concentration was in the range of 0.07–0.09 μM. In addition, we explored the mechanisms of photodegradation of milk. Riboflavin and chlorophyll metabolites act as photosensitizers in milk for type-I and type-II reactions, respectively. It was also observed that the presence of high levels of chlorophyll metabolites can synergistically degrade riboflavin, contributing to the degradation of milk quality.

    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05287.

    • Spectral decomposition of milk A and milk B (Figure S1), effect of freezing on milk fluorescence (Figure S2), and photodegradation kinetics of milk B (from cows on a regular ration) upon exciting riboflavin (Figure S3) and chlorophyll (Figure S4) (PDF)

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    This article is cited by 7 publications.

    1. Áine M. Ní Fhuaráin, Colm P. O’Donnell, Jiani Luo, Aoife A. Gowen. A Review on MIR, NIR, Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Modeling to Predict the Functional Properties of Raw Bovine Milk. ACS Food Science & Technology 2024, 4 (10) , 2258-2271. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00130
    2. Xiaoyu Zhu, Dongfei Tan, Yutong Li, Changliang Shao, Ruirui Yan, Wenneng Zhou, Xiaoping Xin. Grass-livestock interaction: a critical review of current research progress. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2024, 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1378058
    3. Paulina Freire, Anna Zamora, Manuel Castillo. Synchronous Front-Face Fluorescence Spectra: A Review of Milk Fluorophores. Foods 2024, 13 (5) , 812. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13050812
    4. Amy Birkinshaw, Michael Sutter, Beat Reidy, Laurence Jungo, Stefanie Mueller, Michael Kreuzer, Melissa Terranova, . Evaluation and quantification of associations between commonly suggested milk biomarkers and the proportion of grassland-based feeds in the diets of dairy cows. PLOS ONE 2023, 18 (3) , e0282515. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282515
    5. Elena Hayes, Derek Greene, Colm O’Donnell, Norah O’Shea, Mark A. Fenelon. Spectroscopic technologies and data fusion: Applications for the dairy industry. Frontiers in Nutrition 2023, 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1074688
    6. Kalyan Santra, Anthony Song, Jacob W Petrich, Mark A Rasmussen. The degradation of chlorophyll pigments in dairy silage: the timeline of anaerobic fermentation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2021, 101 (7) , 2863-2868. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10917
    7. A. Logan, L. Walter, P. Watkins. Analytical Methods. 2020, 443-476. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48686-0_13

    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

    Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2018, 66, 9, 2168–2173
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05287
    Published January 22, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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