Theoretical Study of EMIM+ Adsorption on Silver Electrode Surfaces
Abstract

Imidazolium ionic liquid additives improve the activity and selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction on a variety of catalyst materials. To date, there is no consensus about the mechanism by which it does so. As a first step, we determined the Pourbaix diagram for EMIM+ at the Ag(111)|water interface using density functional theory calculations. The obtained surface Pourbaix diagram shows that adsorbed EMIM+ densely covers the entire silver surface under experimental conditions; we suggest this has important implications for CO2 reduction.
With the exception of the solvation energy of the EMIM radical in eq 5, which was determined using the implicit solvation model of GAMESS-US, as detailed below.
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