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Macroscopic Versus Microscopic Schottky Barrier Determination at (Au/Pt)/Ge(100): Interfacial Local Modulation

  • Andrea Gerbi*
    Andrea Gerbi
    Innovative Materials and Devices, CNR-SPIN Institute for Superconductors, Corso Perrone 24, I-16152 Genova, Italy
    *Email: [email protected]
    More by Andrea Gerbi
  • Renato Buzio
    Renato Buzio
    Innovative Materials and Devices, CNR-SPIN Institute for Superconductors, Corso Perrone 24, I-16152 Genova, Italy
    More by Renato Buzio
  • Cesar González
    Cesar González
    Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada-IFIMAC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
  • Nicola Manca
    Nicola Manca
    Innovative Materials and Devices, CNR-SPIN Institute for Superconductors, Corso Perrone 24, I-16152 Genova, Italy
    Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
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  • Daniele Marrè
    Daniele Marrè
    Innovative Materials and Devices, CNR-SPIN Institute for Superconductors, Corso Perrone 24, I-16152 Genova, Italy
    Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
  • Sergio Marras
    Sergio Marras
    Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
  • Mirko Prato
    Mirko Prato
    Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
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  • Lloyd Bell
    Lloyd Bell
    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91104, United States
    More by Lloyd Bell
  • Sergio Di Matteo
    Sergio Di Matteo
    University Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)—UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
  • Fernando Flores
    Fernando Flores
    Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada-IFIMAC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
  • , and 
  • Pedro L. de Andres
    Pedro L. de Andres
    Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 25, 28894–28902
Publication Date (Web):June 1, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c07252
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

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    Macroscopic current–voltage measurements and nanoscopic ballistic electron emission spectroscopy (BEES) have been used to probe the Schottky barrier height (SBH) at metal/Ge(100) junctions for two metal electrodes (Au and Pt) and different metallization methods, specifically, thermal-vapor and laser-vapor deposition. Analysis of macroscopic current–voltage characteristics indicates that a SBH of 0.61–0.63 eV controls rectification at room temperature. On the other hand, BEES measured at 80 K reveals the coexistence of two distinct barriers at the nanoscale, taking values in the ranges 0.61–0.64 and 0.70–0.74 eV for the cases studied. For each metal–semiconductor junction, the macroscopic measurement agrees well with the lower barrier found with BEES. Ab initio modeling of BEES spectra ascribes the two barriers to two different atomic registries between the metals and the Ge(100) surface, a significant relevant insight for next-generation highly miniaturized Ge-based devices.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.0c07252.

    • XPS and XRD characterization of interfaces and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on Ge(100) substrate; Ohmic back-contact and IV versus T characteristics; theoretical modeling of interfaces; XPS spectra; θ–2θ scans for Au/Ge(100) and Pt/Ge(100); rocking curve for Au(220) and Ge(400) peaks; ϕ-scans for G(400), Au(111), Au(200), and Au(220) peaks; IV curves for Ohmic back-contact; IV macroscopic characteristics; effect of different theoretical thresholds on BEEM ab initio IVs; schematic representations for interfaces M(001)/Ge(001) and M(111)/Ge(001); DOS for two model interfaces used to obtain interface dipoles; and summary of different parameters determined from ab initio optimization of model interfaces (PDF)

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    Cited By

    This article is cited by 4 publications.

    1. Zhaofeng Yang, Zhenzhu Cao, Aziz U. Rehman, Jucai Yang. Structural Evolution, Electronic Structures, and Vibrational Properties of Anionic LuGen (n = 5–17) Clusters: From Lu-Linked to Lu-Encapsulated Configurations. Inorganic Chemistry 2021, 60 (18) , 14446-14456. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02247
    2. Andrea Gerbi, Renato Buzio, Cesar González, Fernando Flores, Pedro L. de Andres. Phase-space ab-initio direct and reverse ballistic-electron emission spectroscopy: Schottky barriers determination for Au/Ge(100). Applied Surface Science 2023, 609 , 155218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155218
    3. Zhaofeng Yang, Aziz U. Rehman, Zhenzhu Cao, Jucai Yang. Structural evolution, photoelectron spectra and vibrational properties of anionic GdGe n − ( n = 5–18) nanoalloy clusters: a DFT insight. RSC Advances 2022, 12 (34) , 22020-22030. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA04037A
    4. Bin Liu, Xin Wang, Jucai Yang. Comparative research of configuration, stability and electronic properties of cationic and neutral [AuGe ] and [Ge+1]λ (n=1-13, λ=0, +1) nanoalloy clusters. Materials Today Communications 2021, 26 , 101989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101989

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