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Anatase TiO2—A Model System for Large Polaron Transport
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    Research Article

    Anatase TiO2—A Model System for Large Polaron Transport
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    • Bixing Yan
      Bixing Yan
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
      Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
      More by Bixing Yan
    • Dongyang Wan*
      Dongyang Wan
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
      Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
      *E-mail: [email protected] (D.W.).
      More by Dongyang Wan
    • Xiao Chi
      Xiao Chi
      Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
      Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
      More by Xiao Chi
    • Changjian Li
      Changjian Li
      Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
      More by Changjian Li
    • Mallikarjuna Rao Motapothula
      Mallikarjuna Rao Motapothula
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
    • Sonu Hooda
      Sonu Hooda
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
      More by Sonu Hooda
    • Ping Yang
      Ping Yang
      Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
      More by Ping Yang
    • Zhen Huang
      Zhen Huang
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
      More by Zhen Huang
    • Shengwei Zeng
      Shengwei Zeng
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
    • Akash Gadekar Ramesh
      Akash Gadekar Ramesh
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
      Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
    • Stephen John Pennycook
      Stephen John Pennycook
      Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
    • Andrivo Rusydi
      Andrivo Rusydi
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
      Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
      Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
    • Ariando*
      Ariando
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
      Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
      *E-mail: [email protected] (A.).
      More by Ariando
    • Jens Martin*
      Jens Martin
      Department of Physics  and  Center for Advanced 2D Material, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
      *E-mail: [email protected] (J.M.).
      More by Jens Martin
    • Thirumalai Venkatesan*
      Thirumalai Venkatesan
      NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
      Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
      Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
      NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
      Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
      *E-mail:[email protected] (T.V.).
    Other Access OptionsSupporting Information (1)

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 44, 38201–38208
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b11643
    Published October 17, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    Abstract Image

    Large polarons have been of significant recent technological interest as they screen and protect electrons from point-scattering centers. Anatase TiO2 is a model system for studying large polarons as they can be studied systematically over a wide range of temperature and carrier density. The electronic and magneto transport properties of reduced anatase TiO2 epitaxial thin films are analyzed considering various polaronic effects. Unexpectedly, with increasing carrier concentration, the mobility increases, which rarely happens in common metallic systems. We find that the screening of the electron–phonon (e–ph) coupling by excess carriers is necessary to explain this unusual dependence. We also find that the magnetoresistance could be decomposed into a linear and a quadratic component, separately characterizing the carrier transport and trapping as a function of temperature, respectively. The various transport behaviors could be organized into a single phase diagram, which clarifies the evolution of large polaron in this material.

    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11643.

    • Detailed analysis of the electronic and magneto transport data and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), SE data are shown in the supplementary (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 19 publications.

    1. Zhong-Fei Xu, Chuan-Jia Tong, Ru-tong Si, Gilberto Teobaldi, Li-Min Liu. Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Polaron Hopping and Coupling with Water on Reduced TiO2. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2022, 13 (3) , 857-863. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04231
    2. Lili Zhang, Weibin Chu, Chuanyu Zhao, Qijing Zheng, Oleg V. Prezhdo, Jin Zhao. Dynamics of Photoexcited Small Polarons in Transition-Metal Oxides. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2021, 12 (9) , 2191-2198. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00003
    3. Xiaochuan Ma, Zhengwang Cheng, Mingyang Tian, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Cui, Yaobo Huang, Shijing Tan, Jinlong Yang, Bing Wang. Formation of Plasmonic Polarons in Highly Electron-Doped Anatase TiO2. Nano Letters 2021, 21 (1) , 430-436. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03802
    4. Thang Duc Pham, N. Aaron Deskins. Efficient Method for Modeling Polarons Using Electronic Structure Methods. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 2020, 16 (8) , 5264-5278. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00374
    5. Ya-Nan Zhu, Gilberto Teobaldi, Li-Min Liu. Water-Hydrogen-Polaron Coupling at Anatase TiO2(101) Surfaces: A Hybrid Density Functional Theory Study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2020, 11 (11) , 4317-4325. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00917
    6. Yuting Yang, Kuen Yao Lau, Jingying Zheng, Junhao Dong, Lin Wang, Xiaojie Yin, Zhaojing Tong, Hangkai Qiu, Jian Xu, Weiqiang Xiao, BeiBei Xu, Jianrong Qiu, Hideo Hosono, Xiaofeng Liu. Polaronic Nonlinear Optical Response and All‐Optical Switching Based on an Ionic Metal Oxide. Small 2024, 20 (16) https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202306226
    7. Huiru Liu, Aolei Wang, Ping Zhang, Chen Ma, Caiyun Chen, Zijia Liu, Yi-Qi Zhang, Baojie Feng, Peng Cheng, Jin Zhao, Lan Chen, Kehui Wu. Atomic-scale manipulation of single-polaron in a two-dimensional semiconductor. Nature Communications 2023, 14 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39361-0
    8. Marko M. Melander. Frozen or dynamic? — An atomistic simulation perspective on the timescales of electrochemical reactions. Electrochimica Acta 2023, 446 , 142095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142095
    9. Anusit Thongnum, Ratchanok Pingaew, Udomsilp Pinsook. Impact of the polar optical phonon and alloy scattering on the charge-carrier mobilities of FA 0.83 Cs 0.17 Pb(I 1− x Br x ) 3 hybrid perovskites. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2021, 23 (48) , 27320-27326. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP03698J
    10. Esmail Doustkhah, M. Hussein N. Assadi, Kenji Komaguchi, Nao Tsunoji, Mohamed Esmat, Naoki Fukata, Osamu Tomita, Ryu Abe, Bunsho Ohtani, Yusuke Ide. In situ Blue titania via band shape engineering for exceptional solar H2 production in rutile TiO2. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2021, 297 , 120380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120380
    11. Yue-Chao Wang, Hong Jiang. Constrained density functional theory plus the Hubbard U correction approach for the electronic polaron mobility: A case study of TiO 2. Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2021, 34 (5) , 541-551. https://doi.org/10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2108136
    12. Yu‐Cheng Shao, Cheng‐Tai Kuo, Xuefei Feng, Yi‐De Chuang, Tae Jun Seok, Ji Hyeon Choi, Tae Joo Park, Deok‐Yong Cho. Interface Carriers and Enhanced Electron‐Phonon Coupling Effect in Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 Heterostructure Revealed by Resonant Inelastic Soft X‐Ray Scattering. Advanced Functional Materials 2021, 31 (35) https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202104430
    13. Cesare Franchini, Michele Reticcioli, Martin Setvin, Ulrike Diebold. Polarons in materials. Nature Reviews Materials 2021, 6 (7) , 560-586. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00289-w
    14. Liang Cheng, Tarapada Sarkar, James Lourembam, Roxanne Tutchton, M. Motapathula, Daming Zhao, Jian-Xin Zhu, Thirumalai Venkatesan, Elbert E. M. Chia. Observation of interacting polaronic gas behavior in Ta-doped TiO2 thin films via terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Applied Physics Letters 2020, 117 (26) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0022775
    15. Qimeng Yang, Heng Zhu, Yanghui Hou, Duanduan Liu, Huang Tang, Depei Liu, Weining Zhang, Shicheng Yan, Zhigang Zou. Surface polaron states on single-crystal rutile TiO 2 nanorod arrays enhancing charge separation and transfer. Dalton Transactions 2020, 49 (42) , 15054-15060. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0DT03068F
    16. Heiddy P. Quiroz, Jorge A. Calderón, A. Dussan. Magnetic switching control in Co/TiO2 bilayer and TiO2:Co thin films for Magnetic-Resistive Random Access Memories (M-RRAM). Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2020, 840 , 155674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155674
    17. A Bupu, M A Majidi. Theoretical study on the effects of polarons on the transport properties of anatase TiO 2. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1402 (4) , 044110. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1402/4/044110
    18. Tyler J. Smart, Tuan Anh Pham, Yuan Ping, Tadashi Ogitsu. Optical absorption induced by small polaron formation in transition metal oxides: The case of Co 3 O 4 . Physical Review Materials 2019, 3 (10) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.102401
    19. Baoshun Liu, Xiujian Zhao, Jiaguo Yu, Ivan P. Parkin, Akira Fujishima, Kazuya Nakata. Intrinsic intermediate gap states of TiO2 materials and their roles in charge carrier kinetics. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 2019, 39 , 1-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.02.001

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 44, 38201–38208
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b11643
    Published October 17, 2018
    Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

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