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Electrophoresis Assisted Printing: A Method To Control the Morphology in Organic Thin Films
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    Electrophoresis Assisted Printing: A Method To Control the Morphology in Organic Thin Films
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    • Stephan Pröller
      Stephan Pröller
      Munich School of Engineering, Herzig Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
    • Oliver Filonik
      Oliver Filonik
      Munich School of Engineering, Herzig Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
    • Fabian Eller
      Fabian Eller
      Physikalisches Institut, Lehrstuhl für Dynamik und Strukturbildung, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
      More by Fabian Eller
    • Salma Mansi
      Salma Mansi
      Munich School of Engineering, Herzig Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
      More by Salma Mansi
    • Chenhui Zhu
      Chenhui Zhu
      Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
      More by Chenhui Zhu
    • Eric Schaible
      Eric Schaible
      Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
    • Alexander Hexemer
      Alexander Hexemer
      Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
    • Peter Müller-Buschbaum
      Peter Müller-Buschbaum
      Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
      Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
    • Eva M. Herzig*
      Eva M. Herzig
      Munich School of Engineering, Herzig Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
      Physikalisches Institut, Lehrstuhl für Dynamik und Strukturbildung, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
      *[email protected]
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    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 5, 5219–5225
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b18064
    Published January 17, 2020
    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

    Abstract

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    A major advantage of organic solar cells (OSC) is the processability out of solution allowing for advanced printing methods toward large-scale production. Controlling the blend morphology of solution coated active layers is a key challenge to optimize their power conversion efficiency. We have derived a printing procedure from an industrial coating process that facilitates tuning the nanomorphology of a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as model system for OSCs. Applying an electric field during printing and the film drying process modifies the vertical film composition of the photoactive layer and optimizes the polymer crystal orientation. The choice of chloroform as solvent allows us to obtain material transport within the wet film, due to an induced electrophoretic mobility. Tailoring the morphology improves the power conversion efficiency of the OSCs by up to 25%. Our findings indicate that electrophoresis assisted printing provides an efficient approach to optimize the active layer for various material and solvent combinations that exhibit an electrophoretic mobility.

    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

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    Supporting Information

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b18064.

    • Further solar cell data, absorbance spectra, GIWAXS orientation analysis, GISAXS analysis, XRR fits and PCBM enrichment, details on robot beamtime (PDF)

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    Cited By

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    This article is cited by 6 publications.

    1. Yanna Su, Cheng Zhang, Qijian Zhang, Jianrong Zeng, Hua Li, Jianmei Lu. Electrophoretic Deposition of Salinized Organic Molecules Inducing Desirable Intermolecular Packing Style for Improving Sandwiched Device Electrical Performance. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2020, 124 (48) , 26249-26257. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07524
    2. Vanja Fontenele Nunes, Manuel Pedro Fernandes Graça, Imen Hammami, Ana Fabíola Leite Almeida, Francisco Nivaldo Aguiar Freire. Effect of Time and Voltage on the Electrophoresis Deposition of Zinc Oxide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications. Applied Sciences 2024, 14 (3) , 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031202
    3. Fabian Eller, Felix A. Wenzel, Richard Hildner, Remco W. A. Havenith, Eva M. Herzig. Spark Discharge Doping—Achieving Unprecedented Control over Aggregate Fraction and Backbone Ordering in Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Solutions. Small 2023, 19 (21) https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202207537
    4. Chengyu Sun, Kun Chen, Bernard Wiafe Biney, Kunyin Wang, He Liu, Aijun Guo, Wei Xia. Switchable wettability of grain-stacked filter layers from polyurethane plastic waste for oil/water separation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2022, 610 , 970-981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.158
    5. Waldemar Kaiser, Lakshmi N. S. Murthy, Chin‐Lung Chung, Ken‐Tsung Wong, Julia W.P. Hsu, Alessio Gagliardi. Origin of Hole Transport in Small Molecule Dilute Donor Solar Cells. Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research 2021, 2 (3) https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202000042
    6. Cheng Zhang, Yang Li, Hua Li, Qichun Zhang, Jianmei Lu. Overview of electric-field-induced deposition technology in fabricating organic thin films. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2021, 9 (2) , 374-394. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC04175K

    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 5, 5219–5225
    Click to copy citationCitation copied!
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b18064
    Published January 17, 2020
    Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

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