Peptide Amphiphile Micelle Vaccine Size and Charge Influence the Host Antibody Response
- Rui ZhangRui ZhangDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United StatesMore by Rui Zhang,
- Josiah D. SmithJosiah D. SmithDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United StatesMore by Josiah D. Smith,
- Brittany N. AllenBrittany N. AllenDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United StatesMore by Brittany N. Allen,
- Jake S. KramerJake S. KramerDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United StatesMore by Jake S. Kramer,
- Martin SchauflingerMartin SchauflingerElectron Microscopy Core Facilities, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United StatesMore by Martin Schauflinger, and
- Bret D. Ulery*Bret D. Ulery*Address: Department of Chemical Engineering, W2027 Lafferre Hall, 416 South 6th Street, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. Phone: 573-884-8169. E-mail: [email protected]Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United StatesDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United StatesMore by Bret D. Ulery
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the best health care advances ever developed, having led to the eradication of smallpox and near eradication of polio and diphtheria. While tremendously successful, traditional vaccines (i.e., whole-killed or live-attenuated) have been associated with some undesirable side effects, including everything from mild injection site inflammation to the autoimmune disease Guillain–Barré syndrome. This has led recent research to focus on developing subunit vaccines (i.e., protein, peptide, or DNA vaccines) since they are inherently safer because they deliver only the bioactive components necessary (i.e., antigens) to produce a protective immune response against the pathogen of interest. However, a major challenge in developing subunit vaccines is overcoming numerous biological barriers to effectively deliver the antigen to the secondary lymphoid organs where adaptive immune responses are orchestrated. Peptide amphiphile micelles are a class of biomaterials that have been shown to possess potent self-adjuvanting vaccine properties, but their optimization capacity and underlying immunostimulatory mechanism are not well understood. The present work investigated the influence of micelle size and charge on the materials’ bioactivity, including lymph node accumulation, cell uptake ability, and immunogenicity. The results generated provide considerable insight into how micelles exert their biological effects, yielding a micellar toolbox that can be exploited to either enhance or diminish host immune responses. This exciting development makes peptide amphiphile micelles an attractive candidate for both immune activation and suppression applications.
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