Biological Studies and Target Engagement of the 2-C-Methyl-d-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase (IspD)-Targeting Antimalarial Agent (1R,3S)-MMV008138 and Analogs
- Maryam GhavamiMaryam GhavamiDepartment of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Hahn Hall South, 800 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesMore by Maryam Ghavami,
- Emilio F. MerinoEmilio F. MerinoDepartment of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Engel Hall, 340 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, 120 Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United StatesMore by Emilio F. Merino,
- Zhong-Ke YaoZhong-Ke YaoDepartment of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Hahn Hall South, 800 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesMore by Zhong-Ke Yao,
- Rubayet ElahiRubayet ElahiDepartment of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Engel Hall, 340 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesMore by Rubayet Elahi,
- Morgan E. SimpsonMorgan E. SimpsonDepartment of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Engel Hall, 340 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesMore by Morgan E. Simpson,
- Maria L. Fernández-MurgaMaria L. Fernández-MurgaDepartment of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Engel Hall, 340 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesMore by Maria L. Fernández-Murga,
- Joshua H. ButlerJoshua H. ButlerDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, 120 Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United StatesMore by Joshua H. Butler,
- Michael A. CasasantaMichael A. CasasantaDepartment of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Engel Hall, 340 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesMore by Michael A. Casasanta,
- Priscilla M. KraiPriscilla M. KraiDepartment of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Engel Hall, 340 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesMore by Priscilla M. Krai,
- Maxim M. TotrovMaxim M. TotrovMolsoft LLC, 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, California 92121, United StatesMore by Maxim M. Totrov,
- Daniel J. SladeDaniel J. SladeDepartment of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Engel Hall, 340 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesMore by Daniel J. Slade,
- Paul R. Carlier*Paul R. Carlier*E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.: 540-231-9219. Fax: 540-231-3255 (P.R.C.).Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Hahn Hall South, 800 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesMore by Paul R. Carlier, and
- Maria Belen Cassera*Maria Belen Cassera*E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.: 706-542-5192. Fax: 706-542-1738 (M.B.C.).Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Engel Hall, 340 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, 120 Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United StatesMore by Maria Belen Cassera
Abstract

Malaria continues to be one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, and the emergence of drug resistance parasites is a constant threat. Plasmodium parasites utilize the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway to synthesize isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), which are essential for parasite growth. Previously, we and others identified that the Malaria Box compound MMV008138 targets the apicoplast and that parasite growth inhibition by this compound can be reversed by supplementation of IPP. Further work has revealed that MMV008138 targets the enzyme 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (IspD) in the MEP pathway, which converts MEP and cytidine triphosphate (CTP) to cytidinediphosphate methylerythritol (CDP-ME) and pyrophosphate. In this work, we sought to gain insight into the structure–activity relationships by probing the ability of MMV008138 analogs to inhibit PfIspD recombinant enzyme. Here, we report PfIspD inhibition data for fosmidomycin (FOS) and 19 previously disclosed analogs and report parasite growth and PfIspD inhibition data for 27 new analogs of MMV008138. In addition, we show that MMV008138 does not target the recently characterized human IspD, reinforcing MMV008138 as a prototype of a new class of species-selective IspD-targeting antimalarial agents.
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