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Polyimide Aerogel Fibers with Superior Flame Resistance, Strength, Hydrophobicity, and Flexibility Made via a Universal Sol–Gel Confined Transition Strategy
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    Polyimide Aerogel Fibers with Superior Flame Resistance, Strength, Hydrophobicity, and Flexibility Made via a Universal Sol–Gel Confined Transition Strategy
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    • Xin Li
      Xin Li
      School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
      Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
      More by Xin Li
    • Guoqing Dong
      Guoqing Dong
      Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
      More by Guoqing Dong
    • Zengwei Liu
      Zengwei Liu
      Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
      More by Zengwei Liu
    • Xuetong Zhang*
      Xuetong Zhang
      Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
      Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
      *(X.Z.) Email: [email protected]
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    ACS Nano

    Cite this: ACS Nano 2021, 15, 3, 4759–4768
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c09391
    Published February 26, 2021
    Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society

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    Aerogel fibers with ultrahigh porosity, large specific surface area, and ultralow density have shown increasing interest due to being considered as the next generation thermal insulation fibers. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate arbitrary aerogel fibers via the traditional wet-spinning approach due to the obvious conflict between the static sol–gel transition of the aerogel bulks and the dynamic wet-spinning process of aerogel fibers. Herein, a sol–gel confined transition (SGCT) strategy was developed for fabricating various mesoporous aerogel fibers, in which the aerogel precursor solution was first driven by the surface tension into the capillary tubes, then the gel fibers were easily formed in the confined space after static sol–gel process, and finally the mesoporous aerogel fibers were obtained via the supercritical CO2 drying process. As a typical case, the polyimide (PI) aerogel fiber prepared via the SGCT approach has exhibited a large specific surface area (up to 364 m2/g), outstanding mechanical property (with elastic modulus of 123 MPa), superior hydrophobicity (with contact angle of 153°), and excellent flexibility (with curvature radius of 200 μm). Therefore, the aerogel woven fabric made from PI aerogel fibers has possessed an excellent thermal insulation performance in a wide temperature window, even under the harsh environment. Besides, arbitrary kinds of aerogel fibers, including organic aerogel fibers, inorganic aerogel fibers, and organic–inorganic hybrid aerogel fibers, have been fabricated successfully, suggesting the universality of the SGCT strategy, which not only provides a way for developing aerogel fibers with different components but also plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the upgrading of the fiber fields.

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    • Schematic illustration, radius of curvature of the PI aerogel fiber knot, SEM of the polyimide aerogels fibers, digital photo images of the contact angle of PI aerogel fibers, water contact angle with a cross-section of the PI aerogel fiber, schematic illustration of the arrangement of the methyls in the PAA chain on the gel fiber surface in the capillary, the contact angle of PI and ANF aerogel fibers, infrared images of the different aerogel fibers, shrinkage rate, mechanical strength, BET surface area, and pore volume of different aerogel fibers prepared via the SGCT strategy (PDF)

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    Published February 26, 2021
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