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Momentum-Resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy for Mapping the Photonic Density of States

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Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2R3
§ National Institute of Nanotechnology, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2R3
KLA Tencor, Milpitas, California, United States
Purdue Quantum Center, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
Cite this: ACS Photonics 2017, 4, 4, 1009–1014
Publication Date (Web):March 31, 2017
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00103
Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

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    Strong nanoscale light–matter interaction is often accompanied by ultraconfined photonic modes and large momentum polaritons existing far beyond the light cone. A direct probe of such phenomena is difficult due to the momentum mismatch of these modes with free space light, however, fast electron probes can reveal the fundamental quantum and spatially dispersive behavior of these excitations. Here, we use momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (q-EELS) in a transmission electron microscope to explore the optical response of plasmonic thin films including momentum transfer up to wavevectors (q) significantly exceeding the light line wave vector. We show close agreement between experimental q-EELS maps, theoretical simulations of fast electrons passing through thin films and the momentum-resolved photonic density of states (q-PDOS) dispersion. Although a direct link between q-EELS and the q-PDOS exists for an infinite medium, here we show fundamental differences between q-EELS measurements and the q-PDOS that must be taken into consideration for realistic finite structures with no translational invariance along the direction of electron motion. Our work paves the way for using q-EELS as the preeminent tool for mapping the q-PDOS of exotic phenomena with large momenta (high-q) such as hyperbolic polaritons and spatially dispersive plasmons.

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