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    Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a New Carrier for Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigens
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    † Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Building, Room 426, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
    ‡ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
    § Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, 376 Boyles Street, Building 376, Room 208, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
    *E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Q.W.); [email protected] (X.H.).
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    Bioconjugate Chemistry

    Cite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 2012, 23, 8, 1694–1703
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/bc300244a
    Published July 19, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are being actively studied as targets for antitumor vaccine development. One serious challenge was the low immunogenecity of these antigens. Herein, we report the results of using the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) capsid as a promising carrier of a weakly immunogenic TACA, the monomeric Tn antigen. The copper(I) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction was highly efficient in covalently linking Tn onto the TMV capsid without resorting to a large excess of the Tn antigen. The location of Tn attachment turned out to be important. Tn introduced at the N terminus of TMV was immunosilent, while that attached to tyrosine 139 elicited strong immune responses. Both Tn specific IgG and IgM antibodies were generated as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a glycan microarray screening study. The production of high titers of IgG antibodies suggested that the TMV platform contained the requisite epitopes for helper T cells and was able to induce antibody isotype switching. The antibodies exhibited strong reactivities toward Tn antigen displayed in its native environment, i.e., cancer cell surface, thus highlighting the potential of TMV as a promising TACA carrier.

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    Information on purification, characterization, and functionalization TMV, various TMV mutants, and TMV conjugates. Procedures for glycan microarray analysis and fluorescence activated cell sorting. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.

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    Bioconjugate Chemistry

    Cite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 2012, 23, 8, 1694–1703
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    https://doi.org/10.1021/bc300244a
    Published July 19, 2012
    Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
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