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Determination of Young’s Modulus for Nanofibrillated Cellulose Multilayer Thin Films Using Buckling Mechanics

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Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, The Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Bruker AXS Nordic AB, Vallgatan 5, SE-170 67 Solna, Sweden
§ Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
*E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +46 8 790 9925.
Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2011, 12, 4, 961–969
Publication Date (Web):March 11, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1021/bm101330w
Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

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The Young’s modulus of multilayer films containing nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was determined using the strain-induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) technique. (1) Multilayer films were built up on polydimethylsiloxane substrates using electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly. At 50% relative humidity, SIEBIMM gave a constant Young’s modulus of 1.5 ± 0.2 GPa for 35−75 nm thick films. Conversely, in vacuum, the Young’s modulus was 10 times larger, at 17.2 ± 1.2 GPa. A slight decrease in buckling wavelength with increasing strain was observed by scanning electron microscopy with in situ compression, and above 10% strain, extensive cracking parallel to the compressive direction occurred. We conclude that whereas PEI acts as a “glue” to hold multiple layers of NFC together, it prevents full development of hydrogen bonding and specific fibril−fibril interactions, and at high humidity, its hygroscopic nature decreases the elastic modulus when compared with pure NFC films.

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Description of QCM-D theory and working equations, rms surface roughness analysis results, Khang model equation showing the effect of compressive strain on buckling wavelength, and a table comparing current modulus results with previous SIEBIMM studies of polymer films. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org/.

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