Characterization of the Self-Assembly of meso-Tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H2TPPS4–) in Aqueous SolutionsClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!
Abstract

The aggregation of meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H2TPPS4–) in phosphate solutions was investigated as a function of pH, concentration, time, ionic strength, and solution preparation (either from dilution of a freshly prepared 2 mM stock or by direct preparation of μM solution concentrations) using a combination of complementary analytical techniques. UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated the formation of staggered, side-by-side (J-type) assemblies. Their size and self-associative behavior were determined using analytical ultracentrifugation and small-angle X-ray scattering. Our results indicate that in neutral and basic solutions of H2TPPS4–, porphyrin dimers and trimers are formed at micromolar concentrations and in the absence of NaCl to screen any ionic interactions. At these low concentrations and pH 4, the protonated H4TPPS2– species self-assembles, leading to the formation of particularly stable aggregates bearing 25 ± 3 macrocycles. At higher concentrations, these structures further organize or reorganize into tubular, rod-like shapes of various lengths, which were imaged by cryogenic and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy. Micron-scale fibrillar aggregates were obtained even at micromolar concentrations at pH 4 when prepared from dilution of a 2 mM stock solution, upon addition of NaCl, or both.
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